题目内容

    Many chronicles show that man has known from ancient times that there is much water underground．Only recently has he begun to appreciate how much. Beneath most land areas of the world there is a zone where the pores (细孔) of rocks and sediments are completely made very wet with water. Hydrogist call this ground water, and the upper limit of the wet zone is called the water table. The water table may be right at the land surface, as in a marsh, or it may lie hundreds of feet below the land surface, as in some arid areas. Water in the unwet zone above the water table is called vadose water and includes the belt of soil moisture. Water in the intermediate part of this zone has passed through the soil and is dripping downward toward the water table.

1. Chronicles are ________.

A．a historical painting

B．a historical analysis and interpretation of events

C．a historical account of events arranged in order of time

D．scientific writings on the circulation of water on the surface of the land

2. As used in this test, a table is ________.

A．a piece of furniture

B．a level within the ground

C．a thin, flat piece of wood used as a writing surface

D．an orderly arrangement of facts and figures

3. Arid refers to ________.

A．dry lands

B．wet lands

C．bodies of water

D．high water table areas

4. In the phrase “the belt of soil moisture”, the word belt means ________.

A．to move or act in a vigorous manner

B．to encircle or fasten

C． a piece of material worn around the waist.

D．a natural area characterized by some distinctive feature

 

答案：1C2B3A4D
提示：

1.　　   chronicles原指圣经里的历代记，这里表示历代发生的事情

2.　　   table在这里很显然与家具无关，而是水流经过的地层

3.　　   arid贫瘠的

4.　　   the belt of soil moisture土壤湿度带，显然是表示有着共同特征的一段区域

 


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Seasonal influenza is characterized by a sudden fever, cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, sore throat and runny nose. Most people recover from fever and   1  symptoms within a week without requiring medical attention. But influenza can  2  severe illness or death in people at high risk. The time from infection to illness is about two days.

Yearly influenza epidemics can  3   affect all age groups, but the highest risk of complications occur among children younger than age two, adults age 65 or older, and people of  4   age with certain medical conditions, such as chronic heart, lung, kidney, liver, blood or metabolic diseases, or weakened immune systems.

Seasonal influenza  5   easily and can sweep through schools, nursing homes or businesses and towns. When an   6    person coughs, infected droplets get into the air and another person can breathe them  7    and be exposed. The virus can also be spread by hands infected with the virus.  8    transmission, people should cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing, and  9   their hands regularly.

Drugs for influenza are   10   in some countries and effectively prevent and treat the illness. Some influenza viruses develop  11    to the antiviral medicines, limiting the effectiveness of treatment.

Influenza epidemics occur    12   during autumn and winter in temperate regions. Illnesses result in hospitalizations and deaths mainly among high-risk groups. Worldwide, these annual epidemics result in about three to five million   13     of severe illness, and about 250 000 to 500 000 deaths.

Influenza can cause serious public health and economic problems. In   14    countries, epidemics can result in high levels of worker absenteeism and productivity   15   .   16    most people recover from a bout(轮) of influenza, there are large numbers of people who need hospital treatment and many   17    die from the disease every year.   18     is known about the effects of influenza epidemics in developing countries.

The most    19   way to prevent the disease or severe outcomes from the illness is vaccination. Vaccination is especially important for people at higher risk of serious influenza complications, and for people who live with or care  20    high risk individuals.

(  ) 1. A. its                 B. it’s                    C. all                    D. other

(  ) 2. A. cause                 B. lead                  C. result                D. bring

(  ) 3. A. lightly           B. slightly             C. seriously           D. heavily

(  ) 4. A. all                 B. any                   C. no                    D. both

(  ) 5. A. goes                  B. spreads              C. comes            D. happens

(  ) 6. A. to infect        B. infecting           C.  infected          D. infect

(  ) 7. A. off                B. away                 C. out                   D. in

(  ) 8. A. To prevent     B. To protect          C. To prepare         D. To prefect

(  ) 9. A. wash             B. washing            C. to wash             D. washed

(  ) 10. A. free             B. available           C. useful               D. helpful

(  ) 11. A. assistance     B. resistance          C. consistence        D. preference

(  ) 12. A. monthly              B. weekly              C. daily                 D. yearly

(  ) 13. A. pieces          B. states                C. conditions         D. cases

(  ) 14. A. developed    B. developing        C. big                   D. small

(  ) 15. A. lose             B. losses                C. loose                 D. lost

(  ) 16. A. For                 B. Because             C. While               D. Whether

(  ) 17. A. /                 B. which               C. do                    D. who

(  ) 18. A. Little           B. Much                C. Few                  D. Lot

(  ) 19. A. Affective          B. effective            C. attractive           D. aggressive

(  ) 20. A. about           B. of                         C. for                    D. to

Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暂时的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result or a particular situation---- for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic(长期的) loneliness usually last more than two yeas and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lone people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists (心理学家)agree that one important fact in loneliness is a person’s social contacts（接触）, e.g, friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lone people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?

A. Talk to friends                         B. Just ignore it     

C. Go to see a doctor                      D. Ask your teachers for guidance

. The topic of the 4th paragraph is that _______________.

A. lonely people don’t have many friends

B. lonely people don’t have many social problems

C. one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contacts

D. we depend on various people for different reasons

Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?

A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems

B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness

C. Chronic loneliness cannot be overcome

D.A, B, and C are all correct

.What is the best title of the passage?

A. Three kinds of Loneliness               B. Loneliness and Diseases

C. Loneliness and Social Contacts           D. Chronic Loneliness


Eating a diet high in processed food(加工食品)increases the risk of depression，research suggests．What's more，peopie who ate plenty of vegetables，fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression，the University College London team found．
Data on diet among 3，500 middle-aged civil servants(公务员)were compared with their emotional state five years later，a British journal reported．They split the participants into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food，which inc!udes lots of fruit， vegetables and fish，and those who ate a mainly processed food diet，such as sweetened desserts，fried food，processed meat，refined grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender，age，education，physical activity，smoking habits and chronic(慢性的) diseases，they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets．
Those who ate the most wholefood had a 26％ lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood．By contrast，people with a diet high in processed food had a 58％ higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods．
Study author Dr. Archana SinghManoux pointed out there was a chance the finding could be explained by fl lifestyle factor they had not accounted for．
There was a paper showing a Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of depression，but the problem with that is if you live in Britain，the likelihood(可能性)of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high．
Dr．Andrew McCulloeh，chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation，said，this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health．
He added people's diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy．The UK population is consuming less nutritious，fresh produce and more saturated(含饱和脂肪酸的)fats and sugars．
【小题1】The text is mainly about         .

A．the increasingly unhealthy diet of the UK population
B．the link between processed food and depression
C．the relationship between physical and mental health
D．fl healthy diet largely based on wholefood
【小题2】What do we know about the participants?
A．They are of different ages from young to old．
B．They have been eating fl less heal thy diet these years．
C．Most of them prefer wholefood to processed food．
D．Those who ate wholefood generally were happier in the long term．
【小题3】What can we learn from what Dr．Archana Singh Manoux said?
A．It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet．
B．The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world．
C．Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before．
D．The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression．
【小题4】Dr．Andrew McCulloch agrees that         .
A．our diets are closely related to our mental health
B．the present study needs more facts and other information
C．the UK population will become ill in the near future
D．more saturated fats and sugars should be taken in
【小题5】Why might the author have written this text?
A．To tell people what a healthy diet actually is．
B．To prove people’s diets are increasingly unhealthy．
C．To encourage people to cut down on proceased food．
D．To introduce some experts on the research team．

Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually lasts only a few minutes or a few hours．This kind of loneliness is not serious．In fact, it is quite normal．For some people, though, loneliness can last for years．Now researchers say there are three different kinds of loneliness．
The first kind of loneliness is temporary．This is the most common type．It usually disappears quickly and does not need any special attention．
The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a certain situation, for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place．Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year．
The third kind of loneliness is the most severe．Unlike the second type, chronic （长期的） loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause．People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and being close to others．Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition．
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, such as friends, family members, co-workers, etc．We depend on various people for different reasons．For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share interests and activities．However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more．They question then" own popularity．
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease．While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal and healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad and sometimes dangerous condition．
【小题1】Which of the following can be the cause of situational loneliness?

A．Sleeplessness．B．Changing work．
C．Heart disease．D．Social contacts．
【小题2】The underlined word "it" in the last sentence of the third paragraph refers to _____ ．
A．headachesB．situational loneliness
C．sleeplessnessD．temporary loneliness
【小题3】How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?
A．Just ignore it．B．Talk to friends．
C．Go to see a doctor．D．Ask your teachers for guidance．
【小题4】What can we learn from the passage?
A．People feel lonely in a certain situation．
B．There are only three types of loneliness in our life．
C．Loneliness doesn't affect people much．
D．Scientists have found ways to help habitually lonely people．

 

The global financial crisis is likely to cause increasing mental health problems and even suicides as people struggle to deal with poverty and unemployment, the World Health Organization warned Thursday.

Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are already affected by mental problems such as depression and bipolar disorders and the current market meltdown (崩溃) could worsen feelings of despair among people who can’t stand such illnesses.

The United Nations agency said the impact could be especially marked for those living in low and middle income countries where access to treatment is often limited.

“We should not be surprised at the turbulence (动荡) and likely consequences of the current financial crisis. Now we are seeing a huge gap in taking care of people in great need, “WHO director general Margaret Chan told at a meeting of mental health experts.

“It should not come as a surprise that we continue to see more stresses, suicides and mental disorders,” Chan warned.

Ben Saraceno, director of WHO’s mental health, said mental health disorders affected one in four people at some point in their lives.

Mental and neurological disorders are often chronic (慢性的) and disabling, he said. Nearly 1 million people commit suicide worldwide every year, a large proportion of them are young adults.

Asked about the financial crisis, Saraceno said, “Poverty can be the consequence of such events, the debts, despair and sense of loss that may reach middle and lower classes. Even the poor can be affected by this crisis.”

“There is a clear evidence that suicide is linked to financial disasters. I am not talking about the millionaire’s jumping out of the window but about poor people,” he said. The global crisis could be expected to affect the “stability of communities and families”, according to Saraceno.

1. According to the passage, the chief result of the worldwide financial crisis is that ______.

A. more people will be poorer                                               B. more people will be out of jobs

C. more people will suffer from mental problems            D. more people will commit suicide

2. The United Nations agency worried that _____.

A. more rich people would commit suicide

B. the financial crisis might especially influence developing or underdeveloped countries

C. the current market meltdown could worsen feelings of despair

D. hundreds of millions of people in the world were already affected by mental problems

3. From the passage we can learn that _____.

A. far more work should be done to help those who are mentally ill

B. it will be surprising to see more people commit suicide

C. a mental disorder is a chronic disease

D. many more young adults commit suicide worldwide than people of other ages

4. The best title for the passage is ______.

A. Consequences of Global Financial Crisis

B. Mental Disorders Resulting From Global Financial Crisis

C. Suicides as a Result of Market Meltdown

D. Chronic Mental Disorders

 

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