题目内容
2.Measles(麻疹),which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more,was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗).But the disease is making a comeback,caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.Already this year,115 measles cases have been reported in the USA,compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small,but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.When vaccination rates are very high,as they still are in the nation as a whole,everyone is protected.This is called"herd immunity",which protects the people who get hurt easily,including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons,babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride,immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County,California,where 22 measles cases were reported this month,to Brooklyn,N.Y.,where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades,and it is driven by a real but very small risk.Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免),sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now,several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out.But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons.But personal opinions?Not good enough.Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide,but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
63.The first two paragraphs suggest thatA.
A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D.information about measles spreads quickly
64.Herd immunity works well whenC.
A.exemptions are allowed
B.several vaccines are used together
C.the whole neighborhood is involved in
D.new regulations are added to the state laws
65.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?D
A.The overuse of vaccine.
B.The lack of medical care.
C.The features of measles itself.
D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
66.What is the purpose of the passage?C
A.To introduce the idea of exemption.
B.To discuss methods to cure measles.
C.To stress the importance of vaccination.
D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
分析 文章介绍了曾经致命且几乎消失了的麻疹在近年来卷土重来,究其原因,是少数人拒绝注射疫苗,导致了自己及其他人的健康受损,作者借此呼吁每个人都注射麻疹疫苗.
解答 ACDC
63.A 推理判断题.结合文意,文章第一段通过介绍今年和去年的美国麻疹病例数量试图证明麻疹正在回潮,即使数量少,也要引起注意;而第二段则介绍了 herd immunity (群体免疫)以及为第三段群体免疫不成立的条件铺垫,也就是为了证明团体中少部分人有病症会导致全体免疫的崩溃.综合来看,第一、第二段的主旨句为第二段第一句 The numbers might sound small,but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.A项意为"少量麻疹病例可能导致危险的趋势",符合题意.B项意为"麻疹的爆发引起了公众注意".文中并未提及麻疹的爆发,而只是说有少量的麻疹病例,我们不能忽视.故B项错误.C项意为"反疫苗行动有医学解释".第一、第二段所提及的医学解释即群体免疫是为了证明反疫苗行动的不合理性的.故C项错误.D项意为"关于麻疹的消息快速传播".文中表达为 misinformation that is spreading quickly,是关于麻疹的错误消息.故D项错误.故正确答案为A.
64.C 细节理解题.根据文中第三段第一句"herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in"可知需要群体中所有人参与才能形成群体免疫力,C项意为"整个社区都参与",符合文中题意.A项意为"允许豁免",B项意为"多种疫苗同时使用",D项意为"州立法添加新条例",均不符合题意.故正确答案为C.
65.D 细节理解题.根据文中第一段第二句 caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly 可知麻疹回潮的原因是抵制疫苗和错误消息,D项意为"一些人决定拒绝疫苗",符合题意.A项意为"疫苗过度使用",B项意为"医疗保护的缺乏",C项意为"麻疹本身特性",均不符合文意.故正确答案为D.
66.C 意图判断题.文章通过描述群体免疫效应以及群体免疫不成立条件论证集体接受疫苗的重要性.故C项符合文意.A项意为"介绍例外性的概念",文章抵制疫苗接种的例外性,故A项不符合文意.B项意为"讨论治疗麻疹的方法",文章并没有罗列多种方法,而只是强调疫苗接种.故B项不符合文意.D项意为"呼吁医疗平等",文章并未提到医疗平等问题.故D项不符合文意.故正确答案为C.
点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点.
| A. | On average | B. | At best | C. | In return | D. | After all |
| A. | Once | B. | If | C. | Although | D. | Because |
When I was 50,my weight problem began to affect me(19)C.I didn't want to live the rest of my life with this(20)Bweight any more.
That year,I(21)A a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.A seminar leader shared her (22)B story-she had not only lost 125 pounds,but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.
(23)C by her story,I created the As We Heal(痊愈),the World Heals(24)A.My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000(25)Da movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.This combination of healing myself and healing the world(26)D me as the perfect solution.
(27)AI began my own personal weight program,I was filled with the fear that I would(28)B the same difficulties that beat me before.While the (29)D hung over my head,there were also signs that I was headed down the right(30)C.I sent letters to everyone I knew,telling them about my project.It worked perfectly.Donations began (31)Bin from hundreds of people.
Of course,I also took some practical steps to lose weight.I consulted with a physician(内科医生),I hired a fitness coach,and I began to eat small and(32)D meals.My fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise(33)A.
A year later,I(34)B my goal:I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000!I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something that is(35)Cand enormous.
| 16.A.add | B.mix | C.kill | D.share |
| 17.A.diets | B.drinks | C.fruits | D.dishes |
| 18.A.height | B.ability | C.wisdom | D.weight |
| 19.A.temporarily | B.recently | C.seriously | D.secretly |
| 20.A.ideal | B.extra | C.normal | D.low |
| 21.A.attended | B.organized | C.recommended | D.mentioned |
| 22.A.folk | B.success | C.adventure | D.science |
| 23.A.Surprised | B.Amused | C.Influenced | D.Disturbed |
| 24.A.project | B.business | C.system | D.custom |
| 25.A.in search of | B.in need of | C.in place of | D.in support of |
| 26.A.scared | B.considered | C.confused | D.struck |
| 27.A.As | B.Until | C.If | D.Unless |
| 28.A.get over | B.run into | C.look for | D.put aside |
| 29.A.excitment | B.joy | C.anger | D.fear |
| 30.A.row | B.hall | C.path | D.street |
| 31.A.breaking | B.flooding | C.jumping | D.stepping |
| 32.A.heavy | B.full | C.expensive | D.healthy |
| 33.A.regularly | B.limitlessly | C.suddenly | D.randomly |
| 34.A.set | B.reached | C.missed | D.dropped |
| 35.A.stressful | B.painful | C.meaningful | D.peaceful |
| A. | that | B. | which | C. | what | D. | how |
| A. | It never occurred to | B. | That never occurred to | ||
| C. | It never occurred with | D. | That never occurred for |