Question

7．Since the earliest civilizations，people have controlled rivers to meet society's demands．Today，rivers are controlled for many reasons，primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily，agricultural and industrial needs，for power generation，for navigation （航行），and to prevent flooding．
River control is achieved by channelization，a term that covers a range of river engineering works，including widening，deepening，straightening and stabilization of banks，and by the construction of dams．
An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the l9'th century，when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened．One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River，a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary．The controlling of the Tisza，designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture，included cutting off more than 100 meanders （河曲），shortening the river's length by nearly 400kilometers．
One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them．The past 50years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide，and at the beginning of the 21^st century，there were about 800，000dams globally，some towering more than 200meters in height．
Despite their successes，many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful．Some particularly deep reservoirs （水库） can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water．Downstream of a reservoir，the river is certainly influenced in many ways：water volume，speed and quality are all affected，leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals．

71．RiverControl72．Reasons73．supply74．agriculture75．flooding76．deepening77．stabilizing78．shortening79．dam construction80．the environment．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了控制河水的原因和方法．对河流的管控是出于多种原因的，主要是为确保日常水供应、工农业用水、发电、航行和防洪的需要．对河流的管控是由修筑大坝和水道运输系统达成的．该系统囊括一系列的河流工事，包含加宽、掘深、改造与河堤加固．措施包括改造100余条河曲，缩短河长近400公里．人类对河流进行管控最常见的办法就是筑坝．21世纪初，全球有大坝约80万座，但成就却不能掩盖筑坝引发的沉重环境恶化问题．

解答 71． River Control    全文标题．根据首段"people have controlled rivers to meet society's demands"得出全文都在讨论利用河流资源，控制河水，答案注意要改成名词形式，答案为River Control．  
72．Reasons   根据本空后面的方框提到的信息定位到第一段第二行"Today，rivers are controlled for many reasons"可知，答案为概括这些细节的名词"Reasons"，注意用复数形式．
73．supply   根据本空下面的细节定位到第二段第三行"to maintain reliable watersupplies for daily"可知，保证每天有可靠的水供应，注意改为原形--空格前有不定式"to"，所以用动词"supply"．       
74．agriculture   根据第一段第二句"water supplies for daily，agricultural and industrial needs"可知，答案为agriculture 与daily life 和industry并列．
75．flooding  根据第一段最后"to prevent flooding．"得出答案flooding（prevent与stop…from同义替换）．
76．deepening  根据方框中channelization定位到第二段"including widening，deepening，straightening and stabilization of banks"，根据空格前后的widening和straightening确定答案为deepening．      
77．stabilizing   根据第二段后的"stabilization of banks 河岸的稳固"，根据空格前后的widening和straightening确定答案为stabilizing，用动名词形式．   
78．shortening   根据第三段最后一句"shortening the river's length by nearly 400 kilometers．"可知，答案为shortening．
79．dam construction  第二段最后"by the construction of dams．"，根据表格内容结构及文章第二段：控制河流取得成效是通过两种方式：channelization"交通渠化"和construction of dams"修筑水坝"可知，答案为dam construction．
80．the environment  根据最后一段的第一句"Despite their successes，many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful"可知，尽管取得了成就，但是许多水坝也导致了重大的环境变化，这些变化证明是有害的．因此答案为the environment．

点评 本题考查任务型阅读题型．解答此类题型的步骤：预测与确立文章主题，了解图表纵横框架结构，预测文章文脉内容．略读：快速浏览全文，结合图表理清文章基本结构与文脉．扫读：获取文章主要信息．细读：分析整合信息、准确表达．复查：通观全篇，复读检查．同时注意语法：字母大小写、名词的数和格、词性等方面．