Question

【题目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Rise of the Smart City

The information revolution is changing the way cities are run - and the lives of its residents. Cities have a way to go before they can be considered geniuses. But they’re getting smart pretty fast.

In just the past few years, mayors and other officials in cities across the country have begun to draw on 【1】 - about income, traffic, fires, illnesses, parking tickets and more - to handle many of the problems of urban life. Whether it’s making it easier for residents to find parking places, or giving smoke alarms to the households that are most likely to suffer fatal fires, big - data technologies are beginning to 【2】 the way cities work.

Cities have just 【3】 the surface in using data to improve operations, but big changes are already under way in leading smart cities, says Stephen Goldsmith, a professor of government and director of the Innovations in Government Program at the Harvard Kennedy School. “In terms of city governance, we are at one of the most 【4】 periods in the last century,” he says.

Although cities have been using data in various forms for decades, the modern practice of civic analytics（民情分析）has only begun to take off in the past few years, thanks to a host of 【5】 changes. Among them: the growth of cloud computing, which dramatically lowers the costs of storing information; new developments in machine learning, which put 【6】 analytical tools in the hand of city officials; the Internet and the rise of inexpensive sensors that can track vast amount of information such as traffic or air pollution; and the widespread use of smart phone apps and mobile devices that enable citizens and city workers alike to monitor problems and 【7】 information about them back to city hall.

All this data collection raises understandable privacy 【8】. Most cities have policies designed to safeguard citizen privacy and prevent the release of information that might 【9】 any one individual. In theory, anyway. Widespread use of sensors and video can also present privacy risks unless 【10】 are taken. The technology “is forcing cities to face questions of privacy that they haven’t had to face before,” says Ben Green, a fellow at Harvard’s Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society and lead author of a recent report on open-data privacy.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】K

【3】I

【4】C

【5】J

【6】A

【7】F

【8】B

【9】G

【10】H

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。信息革命正在改变城市的运行方式，以及城市居民的生活。就在过去几年里，全国各城市的市长和其他官员开始利用有关收入、交通、火灾、疾病、停车罚单等方面的数据来处理城市生活中的许多问题。有人指出就城市治理而言，我们正处于上个世纪最重要的时期之一。文章说明了现代公民技术发展的一些表现以及这些数据的收集而引起的个人隐私方面的担忧。

【1】考查名词。句意：就在过去几年里，全国各城市的市长和其他官员开始利用有关收入、交通、火灾、疾病、停车罚单等方面的数据来处理城市生活中的许多问题。此处作宾语，表示“数据”应用名词data。故填data。故选D。

【2】考查动词。句意：无论是让居民更容易找到停车位，还是为最有可能遭受致命火灾的家庭提供烟雾报警器，大数据技术正开始改变城市的运作方式。结合句意表示“改变”可知动词transform，且根据上文begin to do sth.可知，应填动词原形。故填transform。故选K。

【3】考查动词时态。句意：哈佛大学肯尼迪学院政府创新项目主任、政府教授Stephen Goldsmith表示，在利用数据改善运营方面，城市只是触及了表面，但领先的智能城市已经开始发生重大变化。此处需要谓语动词，且表示“触及”动词为scratch，结合上文Cities have just可知为现在完成时。scratch the surface“触及表面”。故填scratched。故选I。

【4】考查形容词。句意：他表示:“就城市治理而言，我们正处于上个世纪最重要的时期之一。”结合句意，且修饰后文名词periods，应用形容词consequential作定语，表示“重要的”。故填consequential。故选C。

【5】考查形容词。句意：尽管城市使用各种形式的数据已经有几十年了，但是由于大量的技术变革，现代的公民分析才刚刚开始起飞。修饰后文名词changes，应用形容词technological作定语，表示“技术的”。故填technological。故选J。

【6】考查形容词。句意：机器学习的新发展，把先进的分析工具交到市政官员手中。修饰后文名词tools，应用形容词advanced作定语，表示“先进的”。故填advanced。故选A。

【7】考查动词。句意：智能手机应用程序和移动设备的广泛使用，使市民和城市工作人员都能监控问题，并将相关信息反馈给市政厅。结合句意表示“反馈”可知短语feed back，且根据上文to monitor problems and可知，应填动词原形。故填feed。故选F。

【8】考查名词的数。句意：所有这些数据的收集引起了可以理解的隐私担忧。表示“担忧”且作宾语应用名词concern，且concern为可数名词，前面没有冠词故用复数形式。故填concerns。故选B。

【9】考查动词。句意：大多数城市都有保护公民隐私和防止泄露可能识别任何个人身份的信息的政策。结合句意表示“识别”且作谓语，应用动词identify，且might后跟动词原形。故填identify。故选G。

【10】考查名词的数。句意：如果不采取预防措施，传感器和视频的广泛使用也会带来隐私风险。条件状语从句中缺少主语，表示“预防”，应用名词precaution，且根据后文are可知，应填复数形式。故填precautions。故选H。