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  The modern sailing ship was developed by a man who never went to sea. He was Prince Henry of Portugal, the younger son of the Portuguese King and an English Princess.

  Prince Henry lived in the fifteenth century. As a boy he became devoted to the sea and he dedicated himself to improving the design of ships and the methods of sailing them. In 1416, when he was twenty-two, Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him-Jewish astronomers, Halian and Spanish sailor, and Arab mathematicians and mapmakers who knew how to use the crude compass of the day and could improve it.

  Henry's goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyage without having to keep close to the shore. The caravel, which he helped design, carried more sails and was longer and slimmer than any ship was made, yet was tough enough to stand up against gales at sea. He also developed the carrack, which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more goods.

  The world owes credit to Henry for the development of craft (工艺) that made oceanic exploration possible. He lives in history as Henry the navigator.

1.Prince Henry started his school for the purpose of ________.

[  ]

A.helping mariners

B.improving ship design and sailing methods

C.studying astronomy and mathematics

D.improving his own skill as a sailor

2.Prince Henry's goal was to design vessels that could ________.

[  ]

A.make long deep sea voyage

B.travel faster than those in use at that time

C.explore the coastline of Portugal

D.carry larger crews and more goods

3.Compared with his caravel, Henry's carrack was ________.

[  ]

A.longer and slimmer

B.able to carry more sails

C.able to carry more goods

D.shorter

4.Prince Henry's main achievement was that of ________.

[  ]

A.making oceanic exploration possible

B.improving the compass

C.founding a school for mariners

D.inventing caravel and carrack

5.The best title for this selection is ________.

[  ]

A.The First Modern Sailing Vessels

B.The Mariner Prince

C.Prince Henry's Role in the History of Ship-building

D.The First School for Sailors

完形填空

  Methods of studying vary; what works   1   for some students doesn’t work at all for others.The only thing you can do is experiment   2   you find a system that does work for you.But two things are sure:  3   else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won’t although college.Meantime, there are a few rules that   4   for everybody.The hint is “don’t get   5  ”.

  The problem of studying,   6   enough to start with, becomes almost   7   when you are trying to do   8   in one weekend.  9   the fastest readers have trouble   10   that.And if you are behind in written work that must be   11  , the teacher who accepts it   12   late will probably not give you good credit.Perhaps he may not accept it   13  .Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no   14  .Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won’ t   15   one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz.And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the   16   of the others, either because they like one class much better or ?because they find it so much harder that they think, they should   17   all their time to it.  18   the reason, going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake, if you face this   19  , begin with the shortest and easiest   20  .Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult, time consuming work.

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good

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easily

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improbable

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charge

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devote

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put

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spend

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arrangements

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way

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完形填空

  Who won the first gold medal in the 2009 National Games?What happened in the American election?How did the critics like the new play?  1   an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets   2   the details.Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to   3   the news.

  Newspapers have one basic   4  , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to   5   it.Radio, telegraph, television, and   6   inventions brought competition for newspapers.So did the development of magazines and other means of communication.  7  , this competition merely spurred(刺激)the newspapers on.They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the   8   and thus the efficiency of their own operations.Today more newspapers are   9   and read than ever before.Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields.Besides keeping readers   10   the latest news, today's newspapers   11   and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters.Newspapers influence readers' economic choices   12   advertising.Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very   13  .Newspapers are sold at a price that   14   to cover even a small fraction(一小部分)of the cost of production.The main   15   of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising.The   16   in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers.This   17   in terms of circulation(发行量).How many people read the newspaper?Circulation depends   18   on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment   19   in a newspaper's pages.But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information about the community, city, country, state, nation, and world and even   20  

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much

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offered

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sold

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(20)

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your family

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history

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under the sea

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  Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and Last Men, in which he looked millions of years ahead. He told of different men and of strange civilisations(文明), broken up by long 'dark ages' in between. In his view, what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human history and we are just the First Men. In 2,000 million years from now there will be the Eighteenth or Last Men.
  However, most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted. Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred ? The next thousand? The next million? That's much more difficult.
  When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? Yet to men of 50,000 years from now, we may seem as primitive(原始的)in our ideas as the Stone-Age hunters do to us. Perhaps through the spundels and ballalators, these words, which I have just made up, have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can't think of .
  So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future ? Here are two reasons. First unless we remember how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history, we are likely to think our own interests are much more important than they really are. If we make the earth a poor place to live because. we are careless or greedy(贪婪) or quarrelsome,our grand-children will not bother to think of excuses for us.
  Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves. For example, if we imagine that in the future men may give up farming, we can think of trying it now. So set your imagination free when you think about the future .
53.A particular mention made of Stapledon's book in the opening paragraph ____________
  A.serves as a description of human history
  B.serves an introduction to the discussion
  C.shows a disagreement of views
  D. Shows the popularity of the book
54.The text discusses men and women 50,000 years ago and 50,000 years from now in order to show that _________.
  A.human history is extremely long    B.life has changed a great deal
  C.it is useless to plan for the next 50 years
  D.it is difficult to tell what will happen in the future
55.Spundels and ballalators are used in the text to refer to _________.
  A.tools used in farming                   B.ideas about modern life
  C.unknown things in the future         D.hunting skills in the Stone Age
56.According to the writer of the text, imagining the future will _________.
  A.serve the interests of the present and future generations
  B.enable us to better understand human history
  C.help us to improve farming
  D.make life worth living

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