题目内容
7．Have you ever wondered why there are so many skin colours in the world？Do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain colour？Biology and history are the two reasons for this．Skin contains something called melanin，which determines a person's skin colour．The more melanin a person has，the darker his or her skin will be．The amount of and production of melanin are controlled by genes，but can be affected by other things，such as sunlight．If a person lives in a place with strong sunlight，his or her skin will protect itself by producing more melanin，making the skin darker．In a place with less sunlight，a person's body will produce less melanin，making the skin lighter．
Skin colour is also affected by another source-vitamin D．Humans all need vitamin D to build bones．People can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk，or from sunlight，which causes vitamin production in the skin．Melanin protects skin by absorbing sunlight，so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin D production．Therefore，a dark-skinned person will produce less vitamin D than a light-skinned person when they receive the same amount of sunlight．
The connection between vitamin D production and skin colour is clear when we look at evolution．The earliest humans lived in Africa，their dark skin covered with hair．When they moved to places that had less sunlight，their bodies produced less vitamin D because of their dark skin．As a result，their skin made less melanin，so they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D．Their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair．Now，people who live in areas with strong sunlight，like Africa，have darker skin，while people living in other areas have lighter skin．The exception to this is the Inuit，who live in a place with little sunlight，but have dark skin because they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitamin D．
Evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colours．Humans have always had melanin to determine our skin colour．What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived．This has in turn changed our melanin production，and eventually，skin colour．
A World of Skin Colour
| Brief introduction | People living in a particular area usually have the （71）sameskin colour and there are many different skin colours in the world． |
| Reasons for skin colour | The reasons for different skin colours mainly （72）lie/consist in biology and history． |
| Biological reasons | The amount of melanin，by which a person's skin colour is （73）determined，varies from people to people．The more melanin a person has，the （74）darkerhis or her skin will be． Vitamin D is another source （75）affectingskin colour．Vitamin D is necessary for humans to build bones．Sunlight contributes to vitamin D production in the skin． |
| （76）Historical reasons | The earliest people in Africa had dark skin with hair covering it because the sunlight is very strong．． When they moved to places where they could not get enough sunlight to （77）producevitamin D，their skin colour became lighter． Generally speaking，people in areas with strong sunlight，have darker skin （78）whilepeople in other areas have lighter skin． |
| （79）Conclusion/Summary | Melanin （80）playsan important role in our skin colour．With our living environment changing，melanin production is changed，which leads to the changes in our skin colour． |
分析 为什么不同的人会又不一样的皮肤？从历史和生物角度分析了原因．
解答 71．same 72．lie/consist 73．determined 74．darker 75．affecting76．Historical 77．produce 78．while 79．Conclusion/Summary 80．plays
71．same 归纳总结题．根据文章第一段内容可知．Do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain colour？住在同一个地方的人有同样的皮肤．
72．lie/consist 原词再现．根据第一段最后一句Biology and history are the two reasons for this．说明肤色不同是因为生物学和遗传，故转换成原因在于lie in
73．determined句意转换．根据第二段第一行which determines a person's skin color，把这个主动句变成了被动形式．
74．darker 句型转换．根据第二段1，2行The more melanin a person has，the darker his or her skin will be．一个人黑色素越多，一个人的皮肤就越黑，一个句型，the 比较级…the比较级…
75．affecting原词再现．根据第三段第一句Skin color is also affected by another source----vitamin D．转换成现在分词短语修饰another source．
76．Historical 词形转换．根据第三段内容介绍，Biology and history are the two reasons for this．是从历史方面解释原因．
77．produce原词再现．根据第四段第四行they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D．their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair．
78．while 原词再现．根据第四段Now，people living in areas with strong sunlight like Africa，have darker skin，while people living in other areas have lighter skin．生活在阳光强烈的地区如非洲，皮肤越黑，然而其他地区的人皮肤呈现浅色．while此处前后两者情况对比．
79．Conclusion/Summary 归纳总结．通读全文可知这里是得出的最终的结论．Conclusions就是上文得到的最后的结论．
80．plays固定词组．Play a role in…在…中起作用．Play a part/role in…主语是不可数名词Melanin，故用单数形式．
点评 对于抽取重要信息题，一定 要注意首字母的大小写问题．作为题目的单词的首字母都要大写；其他句子的第一个单词首字母要大写．
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18．Chronic disorganization （慢性失序症）occurs when one has a habit of being disorganized over a long period，which means the person is constantly unsystematic in how he conducts life and business．One suffering from this problem may find relief in the fact that it isn't actually a disease or even an"official"disorder．It's the continued lack of organization in one's life．
Someone may become addicted to collecting a certain thing yet never organize the collection as it grows out of control．This can especially be a problem for those with a lot of time and money at hand，yet the problem can be serious for any type of person in a wide variety of situation．
One's personal attitude can often be a big part of why the chronic disorganization exists．Once the attitude of acceptance about being a"slob"is in someone's head，it's hard to remove．If someone tells himself that he is a slob，he will likely live up to that self-image created by him or by those around him．
One first receives true awareness of the disorder of chronic disorganization when it starts to negatively affect relationships with friends and family members．Everybody becomes affected by this situation，especially those sharing living places with the one involved．
The National Study Group for Chronic Disorganization （HSGCD） recommends that one get help through a professional organizer．The study found that all of the subjects in the study had problems with making decisions．There were varied reasons given for this problem of decision-making．Among them were fears and prioritizing issues．Research is ongoing for the link between problems in decision-making and chronic disorganization．
Chronic disorganization often begins with situational disorganization，something most people experience at some point．Someone who has lost someone significant to him may start to be troubled by disorganization after a divorce．Someone who experienced changes in life and in his career is likely to let things like organization and order fall by the wayside．However，one doesn't instantly have chronic disorganization．
"If you're going through hell，keep going．"That's an old saying that's true about one's struggles with chronic disorganization．Every person has the power to change within himself．It's a matter of staying organized，one day at a time．Those who have left chronic disorganization in the past have often done so by promising to stay organized simply for that single day．
Someone may become addicted to collecting a certain thing yet never organize the collection as it grows out of control．This can especially be a problem for those with a lot of time and money at hand，yet the problem can be serious for any type of person in a wide variety of situation．
One's personal attitude can often be a big part of why the chronic disorganization exists．Once the attitude of acceptance about being a"slob"is in someone's head，it's hard to remove．If someone tells himself that he is a slob，he will likely live up to that self-image created by him or by those around him．
One first receives true awareness of the disorder of chronic disorganization when it starts to negatively affect relationships with friends and family members．Everybody becomes affected by this situation，especially those sharing living places with the one involved．
The National Study Group for Chronic Disorganization （HSGCD） recommends that one get help through a professional organizer．The study found that all of the subjects in the study had problems with making decisions．There were varied reasons given for this problem of decision-making．Among them were fears and prioritizing issues．Research is ongoing for the link between problems in decision-making and chronic disorganization．
Chronic disorganization often begins with situational disorganization，something most people experience at some point．Someone who has lost someone significant to him may start to be troubled by disorganization after a divorce．Someone who experienced changes in life and in his career is likely to let things like organization and order fall by the wayside．However，one doesn't instantly have chronic disorganization．
"If you're going through hell，keep going．"That's an old saying that's true about one's struggles with chronic disorganization．Every person has the power to change within himself．It's a matter of staying organized，one day at a time．Those who have left chronic disorganization in the past have often done so by promising to stay organized simply for that single day．
| Definition | ◆It means that the person is （71）habitually disorganized in life and business over a long period．（72）Short of organization，one is likely to have the problem． |
| Recognizing the problem | ◆One example is that an addict is（73）unable to organize the collection． ◆The existence of chronic disorganization is partly （74）affected/caused by one's personal attitude． ◆One doesn't （75）realize the disorder of chronic disorganization until it has bad effects on the relationships with friends and family members． |
| The findings of the study | ◆All subjects in the study（76）suffer from the problem of poor decision-making，which is linked with chronic disorganization．Further research are still in（77）progress． |
| Warning（78）signs | ◆People losing someone significant，going through a divorce or changes in one's life and career have a （79）tendency to ignore organization and order． |
| Good news | ◆In（80）wrestling with chronic disorganization，every person has the power to change，at least one single day at a time． |
2．Third-generation mobile phones，known as 3G，are the next big step for the telecom industry．Data speed in 3G networks is much quicker than that in present technology．This means users can have high-speed Internet access and enjoy video and CD-quality music on their phones．
"Mobile data is not a dream； it's not an option but a requirement，"said Len Lauer，head of a U．S．Communications company，Sprint PCS，at a 3G conference in Bangkok earlier this month．
With 3G，you can forget about text messages telling you yesterday's news； a 3G phone can receive video news programs，updated four times a day．Internet access will also be much quicker，making it easier to surf the Web on your phone than on your computer at home．
Face-to-Face video calls
Don't worry about getting lost，3G phones offer map services so you can find a new restaurant just by pressing a few keys on your handset．
However，the most impressive part of 3G technology is video calling．With live two-way video communication，you can have face-to-face talks with friends and family on your mobile phone．
Many European countries have already launched the services．In May 2000the U．S．Government issued five license to run 3G wireless services，while the first 3G phones arrived in Italy in March this year．
International telecom companies can't wait to sell 3G in China，the world's largest mobile telecommunications market．But they will have to be patient．At the moment，China is busy testing its 3G-based technologies，networks and services．This will be followed by a trial period before the phones can finally hit the shops．
"We need to create a pool of 3G customers before the large-scale commercial launch of the service，"said Fan Yunjun，marketing manager for Beijing Mobile．"We expect that the 3G licences will be issued late next year．"
"Mobile data is not a dream； it's not an option but a requirement，"said Len Lauer，head of a U．S．Communications company，Sprint PCS，at a 3G conference in Bangkok earlier this month．
With 3G，you can forget about text messages telling you yesterday's news； a 3G phone can receive video news programs，updated four times a day．Internet access will also be much quicker，making it easier to surf the Web on your phone than on your computer at home．
Face-to-Face video calls
Don't worry about getting lost，3G phones offer map services so you can find a new restaurant just by pressing a few keys on your handset．
However，the most impressive part of 3G technology is video calling．With live two-way video communication，you can have face-to-face talks with friends and family on your mobile phone．
Many European countries have already launched the services．In May 2000the U．S．Government issued five license to run 3G wireless services，while the first 3G phones arrived in Italy in March this year．
International telecom companies can't wait to sell 3G in China，the world's largest mobile telecommunications market．But they will have to be patient．At the moment，China is busy testing its 3G-based technologies，networks and services．This will be followed by a trial period before the phones can finally hit the shops．
"We need to create a pool of 3G customers before the large-scale commercial launch of the service，"said Fan Yunjun，marketing manager for Beijing Mobile．"We expect that the 3G licences will be issued late next year．"
| Third-generation mobile phones （3G mobile phones） | |
| （71）Advantages | 14．Data speed：（72）quicker than presnet technology． 15．Video and （73）CD-quality music． 16．Video news programs：（74）updatedfour times a day． 17．Internet access：quicker and （75）easier． |
| Impressive functions | a．Offer（76）map services，helping you find way． b．Provide two-way video（77）communication． |
| 3G phones in China | a．China is busy（78）testingits 3G-based technologies，Networks and servies． b.3G phones should go through a （79）trialperiod Before being put into market． c.3G phones are expected to be seen （80）latenext year． |
12．
Food makes us feel good，but some people eat when they aren't really hungry and eat to simply feel good．This kind of eating habit is called emotional eating，which does not affect adults but also young children．It isn't a good thing．
A child's eating habits can develop right from childhood．As we know，a baby cries out if he doesn't get milk at the usual time of the day．However，sometimes parents immediately stick a bottle in a child's mouth without trying to find out if the child is really hungry．In fact，children may cry for other reasons．Even as children grow up and start going to school，parents sometimes give them a chocolate bar if they become really unhappy．As the children further grow up，they may become used to having a snack whenever they're upset or low．
Therefore，they'd like to eat an emotional snack when they have the feeling of unhappiness and boredom．Even when they don't get high grades，aren't popular at school or made fun of by others，they will want something to eat．After having the snack，they feel a lot better．
Emotional eating in young children is a thing that needs to be taken seriously．To protect your children from emotional eating，you should satisfy your child's emotional needs in the best possible way．This includes spending time with your child every day，taking an interest in his school work，helping your child study，providing a health environment without tension at home，etc．Don't make the child lose face by scolding him．Develop confidence in your child．Make your child eat enough once in a while．Reward him for his achievements．
All this will help your little one develop a healthy eating habit．And always remember love and care is the key to help you child out of trouble and grow up happily．
Title：（71）Emotional Eating in Young Children
Food makes us feel good，but some people eat when they aren't really hungry and eat to simply feel good．This kind of eating habit is called emotional eating，which does not affect adults but also young children．It isn't a good thing．A child's eating habits can develop right from childhood．As we know，a baby cries out if he doesn't get milk at the usual time of the day．However，sometimes parents immediately stick a bottle in a child's mouth without trying to find out if the child is really hungry．In fact，children may cry for other reasons．Even as children grow up and start going to school，parents sometimes give them a chocolate bar if they become really unhappy．As the children further grow up，they may become used to having a snack whenever they're upset or low．
Therefore，they'd like to eat an emotional snack when they have the feeling of unhappiness and boredom．Even when they don't get high grades，aren't popular at school or made fun of by others，they will want something to eat．After having the snack，they feel a lot better．
Emotional eating in young children is a thing that needs to be taken seriously．To protect your children from emotional eating，you should satisfy your child's emotional needs in the best possible way．This includes spending time with your child every day，taking an interest in his school work，helping your child study，providing a health environment without tension at home，etc．Don't make the child lose face by scolding him．Develop confidence in your child．Make your child eat enough once in a while．Reward him for his achievements．
All this will help your little one develop a healthy eating habit．And always remember love and care is the key to help you child out of trouble and grow up happily．
Title：（71）Emotional Eating in Young Children
| （72）Meaning/Definition | Eating for feeling good instead of for （73）hunger/being hungry/feeling hungry． |
Causes | •forming the habit when （74）young/they are young •feeling （75）unhappy and bored •feeling （76）less popular/unpopular and getting low grades •being made fun of by others |
（77）Solutions/Measures/Suggestions | •staying with your child for some time every day •being （78）interested in your child's studies and help him study •providing a healthy environment without tension at home •avoiding（79）scolding your child to make him ashamed •making your child（80）confident/have/develop confidence/believe in himself •giving your child enough to eat once in a while •giving your child reward for what he has achieved |
| Conclusion | Love and care helps children out of trouble． |
19．假设你叫李华，暑假期间打算去英国Star English Language School （SELS）进行短期学习．以下是英方学校寄给你的课程安排选择表．请你仔细阅读课表，按表格下面的中文提示给校方回复一封信．信的开头已给出．
信中必须包括：
1．简单介绍你的情况
2．你的选择及理由
3．对该课程的要求和建议．
| SELS Summer English Courses | ||||
| English Courses | Total Hours of Study | Total Hours of Part-time Job | Date | Cost |
| 6-week course | 90 | No Job but Tour Instead | July 1-Aug.15 | 15，000yuan |
| 8-week course | 120 | 48 | July 1-Aug.30 | 25，000yuan |
1．简单介绍你的情况
2．你的选择及理由
3．对该课程的要求和建议．
16．Fifteen percent of US teenagers aged 12 to 17 who own mobile phones have received nude（裸体）or nearly nude images of someone they know，according to a survey released on Tuesday．
Only four percent of mobile phone-owning（35）Ain that age group have sent sexually suggestive pictures of themselves，a practice known as"sexting，"（36）Dthe Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project．
The Pew survey found that girls and boys were equally as likely to have sent a suggestive picture to（37）Bperson and（38）Cteenagers were more likely to have engaged in"sexting．"
Eight percent of 17-year-olds with mobile phones have sent a sexually provocative（刺激的） image（39）Atexting and 30 percent have（40）Ba nude or nearly nude image on their phone．
Only four percent of 12-year-olds have sent suggestive images of（41）B．
Amanda Lenhart，a senior research specialist at Pew and the author of the report，said sexually suggestive images have become a（42）Dof"relationship currency"for teens．
"These images are（43）Aas a part of or instead of sexual activity，or as a way of starting or（44）Ca relationship with a significant other，"she said．"And they are also passed（45）Ato friends for their entertainment value，as a joke or for（46）B．"
"The desire for risk-taking and sexual exploration during the teenage years（47）Cwith a constant connection via mobile devices creates a'perfect storm'for sexting，"said Lenhart．
"Teenagers have always grappled with issues around sex and（48）D，but their coming-of-age mistakes transgressions have never been so easily（49）Aand stored for others to see，"she added．
The survey found that teens with unlimited text messaging plans were more likely to receive"sexts"（50）Aimages of people they know．About 75 percent of mobile phone owning teens have unlimited plans．
Among this group，Pew said 18 percent reporting receiving"sexts"（51）Bwith eight percent of teens on（52）Adata plans and three percent of teens who pay per message．
According to Pew，58 percent of 12-year-olds own a mobile phone and 83 percent teens aged 17（53）C．
Pew noted that a number of US states are grappling with how to（54）B"sexting"among minors and some legislatures（立法机关） have stepped in to consider laws that would downgrade charges from felonies（重罪） to misdemeanors（轻罪）．
Pew conducted telephone interviews with 800 teens aged 12 to 17 and their parents between June 26 and September 24．
Only four percent of mobile phone-owning（35）Ain that age group have sent sexually suggestive pictures of themselves，a practice known as"sexting，"（36）Dthe Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project．
The Pew survey found that girls and boys were equally as likely to have sent a suggestive picture to（37）Bperson and（38）Cteenagers were more likely to have engaged in"sexting．"
Eight percent of 17-year-olds with mobile phones have sent a sexually provocative（刺激的） image（39）Atexting and 30 percent have（40）Ba nude or nearly nude image on their phone．
Only four percent of 12-year-olds have sent suggestive images of（41）B．
Amanda Lenhart，a senior research specialist at Pew and the author of the report，said sexually suggestive images have become a（42）Dof"relationship currency"for teens．
"These images are（43）Aas a part of or instead of sexual activity，or as a way of starting or（44）Ca relationship with a significant other，"she said．"And they are also passed（45）Ato friends for their entertainment value，as a joke or for（46）B．"
"The desire for risk-taking and sexual exploration during the teenage years（47）Cwith a constant connection via mobile devices creates a'perfect storm'for sexting，"said Lenhart．
"Teenagers have always grappled with issues around sex and（48）D，but their coming-of-age mistakes transgressions have never been so easily（49）Aand stored for others to see，"she added．
The survey found that teens with unlimited text messaging plans were more likely to receive"sexts"（50）Aimages of people they know．About 75 percent of mobile phone owning teens have unlimited plans．
Among this group，Pew said 18 percent reporting receiving"sexts"（51）Bwith eight percent of teens on（52）Adata plans and three percent of teens who pay per message．
According to Pew，58 percent of 12-year-olds own a mobile phone and 83 percent teens aged 17（53）C．
Pew noted that a number of US states are grappling with how to（54）B"sexting"among minors and some legislatures（立法机关） have stepped in to consider laws that would downgrade charges from felonies（重罪） to misdemeanors（轻罪）．
Pew conducted telephone interviews with 800 teens aged 12 to 17 and their parents between June 26 and September 24．
| 35．A．teens | B．adults | C．students | D．parents |
| 36．A．referring to | B．reporting | C．saying | D．according to |
| 37．A．other | B．another | C．others | D．the other |
| 38．A．younger | B．fewer | C．older | D．more |
| 39．A．by | B．in | C．on | D．through |
| 40．A．accepted | B．received | C．sent | D．mailed |
| 41．A．others | B．themselves | C．himself | D．herself |
| 42．A．habit | B．system | C．method | D．form |
| 43．A．shared | B．limited | C．tasted | D．controlled |
| 44．A．remaining | B．gaining | C．maintaining | D．obtain |
| 45．A．along | B．by | C．as | D．for |
| 46．A．joy | B．fun | C．excitement | D．delight |
| 47．A．compared | B．followed | C．combined | D．went |
| 48．A．friendships | B．scholarships | C．relatives | D．relationships |
| 49．A．transmitted | B．transformed | C．formed | D．switched |
| 50．A．containing | B．concluding | C．including | D．concerning |
| 51．A．comparing | B．compared | C．connected | D．joined |
| 52．A．limited | B．unlimited | C．few | D．little |
| 53．A．have | B．same | C．do | D．too |
| 54．A．do with | B．deal with | C．remove | D．ban |
17．Don't feel guilty about it．Anyone _________make mistakes in their life．（ ）
| A． | can | B． | must | C． | shall | D． | need |