Question

1．How is it that siblings （兄弟姐妹） can turn out so differently？One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family．The first-born is，for a while，an only child，and therefore has completely different experience of the parents than those born later．The next child is，for a while，the youngest，until the situation is changed by a new arrival．The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up，too．One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years； another might be raised in a family crisis，with a disappointed mother or an angry father．
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918．But more recently，researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each other's lives．Dr．Annette Henderson says that first-born children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings．The reason for this might be that the later children aren't getting the same one-on-one time with parents．On the other hand，later-borns don't enjoy that much talking time with parents，but instead they learn lessons from bigger brothers and sisters，obtaining entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between"I"and"me"．
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings．A 2003 research paper studied adolescents f rom 185 families over two years，finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful．

56．What makes siblings turn out differently？（No more than 4 words）the different growing-up situation
57．When does the situation of the second child change？（No more than 5 words）after another baby is born
58．Why do first-borns pick up vocabulary more quickly？（No more than 8 words）Because they have more one-on-one time with parents
59．In which way do later-borns mainly acquire language development？（N o more than 6 words）By learning from their bigger/older siblings
60．Who are more likely to make themselves different from their siblings？（No more than 7 words）Children seeking more attention from parents．

Answer 1

分析 短文大意：同一家庭出身的兄弟姐妹性格为何不同？那是因为他们生活于不同的家庭环境：对于父母的体验，第一个出生的孩子与以后出生的孩子会迥然不同；在语言发展上，后出生的孩子更喜欢向哥哥姐姐学习而不是向父母学习．

解答 56．the different growing-up situation  根据文章第一段One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family可知兄弟姐妹的生活环境不一样，因此他们的性格会不同．
57．after another baby is born 根据文章第一段中The next child is，for a while，the youngest，until the situation is changed by a new arrival可知直到另一个孩子出生时第二个矮子的情况才会改变．
58．Because they have more one-on-one time with parents 根据文章第二段Dr．Annette Henderson says that first-born children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings．The reason for this might be that the later children aren't getting the same one-on-one time with parents可知第一个孩子可以与父母有一对一的相处，因此他们学习词汇更快．
59．By learning from their bigger/older siblings 根据文章第二段后半部分内容On the other hand，later-borns don't enjoy that much talking time with parents，but instead they learn lessons from bigger brothers and sisters，obtaining entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between"I"and"me"可知后来出生的孩子主要向他们的哥哥姐姐学习语言．
60．Children seeking more attention from parents  根据文章第三段One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings可知那些从父母那里寻求更多关注的孩子是自己与其他兄弟姐妹更多不同．

点评 阅读表达题主要考查考生对整篇文章的把握和理解，这类题目要求考生具备较高的阅读及语言表达能力，考生在整体阅读的基础上，结合所涉及的题目，锁定问题所在段落，然后根据要求归纳概括出答案．