题目内容

During basketball practice last year, 12-year-old Nicole Dehart was shooting the ball when a defender tried aggressively to block her shot．The two players made contact, and Nicole hit the floor headfirst．At the hospital, doctors diagnosed a concussion （脑震荡） —an increasingly common injury in youth basketball, particularly among girls, yet one that has yet to gain widespread attention．

On Monday, the medical journal Pediatrics reported that about 375,000 children and teenagers are treated in hospital emergency rooms each year for basketball-related injuries．Obviously, the proportion(比例) related to head injuries is on the rise．About 109,000 children and teenagers were treated for basketball-related head injuries during the 11-year study period． Boys were most likely to experience cuts, fractures （骨折） ; girls were more likely to suffer head or knee injuries．

Basketball is the country's most popular youth sport, played by one million children—550,000 boys and 450,000 girls—each academic year．And the injury numbers, which were gathered by researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, reflect only emergency room visits, leaving out the many thousands of injuries treated by clinics, trainers, family doctors．

"A lot of kids play basketball, both organized and unorganized," said an author of the study, Lara McKenzie, chief investigator at the Columbus hospital's Center for Injury Research and Policy．"We probably need to do a better job of cultivating children to protect themslves. Preventing brain injuries is going to be pretty challenging．"

A separate report in Pediatrics found that basketball accounted for more than 9 percent of athletic concussions among 8-to 19-year-olds, placing it second among youth sports, behind only football （22 percent） , which is followed by hockey and baseball, just under 4 percent each．

Nicole, now 13, has fully recovered but that it took some time．"After the injury, she complained about headaches and feeling lightheaded whenever she was active．Even after the doctor had released her to go back to playing, the high school trainer and I worked together and watched her closely," Ms．White said．" Kids play rougher and tougher than they ever have．"

71. What is the best title of the passage?(no more than 15 words)

72. Can you use another English word to explain the underlined word “cultivating”?(no more than 3 words)

73.According to the passage, what are the four kinds of sports causing athletic concussions?

74. Why is the number, gathered by researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, not accurate(精确的)?(no more than 20 words)

75.Do you like playing basketball? How can you protect yourself in the game?(no more than 30 words)

76. How many children play basketball each academic year?(no more than 1 word)

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Colleges are starting to wake up to how sleep deprivation(剥夺) cuts into the academic and athletic performance of their students. All-nighters have become a habit in higher education, but a handful of small new studies help document the consequences.    

A study at St. Lawrence University in Canton, N. Y., showed what may seem obvious to most: All-nighters are not an effective way to succeed in school

     "You can't do your best work when you’re sleep-deprived," says psychology professor Pamela Thacher, who wrote the study. Thacher studied the sleeping patterns and grades of 111 students to see the relationship between sleep and their GPAs.

     Two-thirds of the students reported that they had pulled at least one all-nighter during a semester. Many students believe that it's a "rite of passage" (标志) to stay up all night during college and that "ifs kind of fun," Thacher says.

     But "if you use all-nighters, your GPA is slightly lower on average," Thacher says. "Pulling all-nighters gives in your (overall) sleep" and makes it difficult to reach full academic potential.

      Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation include delayed reactions and tendencies to make mistakes.

      A Stanford University study may help persuade at least student athletes to make more time for bed. Cheri Mah, a graduate researcher at Stanford, worked with six bas ketball players, who all ran faster and made more shots over a period in which they slept at least 10 hours a night.

      "Athletes who get an extra amount of sleep are more likely to improve their performance in a game," says Mah, who released results from an ongoing study in June. "It's not common knowledge, because if people understood how much of a difference (getting more sleep) could make athletically," they'd apply it more to their lives and not focus solely on nutrition and exercise.

1. According to the study at St. Lawrence University,

   A. one can reach his potential by staying up late

B. it takes one all night to recite a passage

   C. the less one sleeps, the more effective his work is

   D. all-nighters affect one's academic performance

2. The underlined word "document" in the first paragraph probably means_      _.

    A. prove        B. check        C. oppose        D. improve

3. Which of the following statements is true?

A. All-nighters are a short-cut to success in school   

B. All-nighters can make one’s GPAs much higher.   

C. Staying up late tends to react slowly and make mistakes.

    D. The study may help persuade all students to sleep wall.

4. According to Cheri Mah,              .

   A. athletes improve their performance only by means of nutrition and exercise  

B. it is known to all that those who get extra sleep perform better

   C. people don't understand getting more sleep can make a difference  

D. athletes should sleep as much as possible to run faster

5. What is this passage mainly concerned about?

    A. A study on all-nighters at St. Lawrence University.

B. Collage students’ performance suffering from lack of sleep.   

C Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation.

    D. A Stanford University study on athletes’ sleep.

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