Scientists in the United States say plant life has increased on Earth in the past twenty years and that in every area of plant growth the increase is the result of weather conditions.

       Eight scientists from across the United States did the study. The space agency NASA and the Department of Energy paid for it. The findings were published in the magazine Science.

       The researchers spent one and a half years examining weather satellite information. The information was recorded from 1982 to 1999. That period was one of the warmest on record. Researchers found that rainfall generally increased during that time.

       The satellites measured the number of leaves on plants and the amount of sunlight taken in. The scientists used that information to estimate what is called net primary production. This is total amount of carbon stored in land plants.

       The scientists report a 6% increase in stored carbon since 1982. They say gains were high in equatorial areas, especially around the Amazon River in South America. The area alone had a 1% increase in the net primary production.

Ramakrishna Nemani of the University of Montana in Missoula headed the study. He says reduced cloud cover led to growth in Amazon area. He also says the lack of clouds allowed more sunlight to get through. More sunlight meant increases in photosynthesis(光合作用). That is the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to produce the chemicals they need to grow.

       Northern Canada, the north-central United States and northern Europe were second in increased plant growth. Ramakrishna Nemani says a rise in temperature helped plants there.

       All together, the report says 25% of areas of plant life on Earth experienced increases. But the scientists also note increase in the number of people on Earth and carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Ranga Myneni of Boston University in Massachusetts, another study scientist says humans use about half the net primary production on Earth. And he notes that the world population grew by 36% during the period of time studied.

Which of the following is in charge of the study?

       A. The space agency NASA of the US.

       B. The Department of Energy of the US.

       C. Ramakrishna Nemani in Missoula.

       D. Ranga Myneni in Massachusetts.

What’s the main cause of the plant growth put forward by the study?

       A. Growth in population.

       B. Regional features.

       C. Seasonal variation.

       D. Weather conditions

Why do scientists believe that reduced cloud cover has led to the plant growth in       the Amazon area?

       A. Because plants could take in more sunlight.

       B. Because plants could get more rainfall.

       C. Because plants could enjoy cooler air.

       D. Because plants suffer less from natural disasters.

Which of the following descriptions about the years from 1982 to 1999 is TRUE?

       A. It was the warmest on record.

       B. Rainfall decreased little by little.

       C. World population grew by 25%.

       D. Stored carbon increased by 6%.

 (10·浙江A篇)

When you are little, the whole world feels like a big playground. I was living in Conyers, Georgia the summer it all happened. I was a second grader, but my best friend Stephanie was only in the first grade. Both of our parents were at work and most of the time they let us go our own way.

It was a hot afternoon and we decided to have an adventure in Stephanie’s basement. As I opened the basement door, before us lay the biggest room, full of amazing things like guns, dolls, and old clothes. I ran downstairs, and spotted red steel can. It was paint. I looked beyond it and there lay even more paint in bright colors like purple, orange, blue and green.

“Stephanie, I just found us a project for the day. Get some paintbrushes. We are fixing to paint.” She screamed with excitement as I told her of my secret plans and immediately we got to work. We gathered all the brushes we could find and moved all of our materials to my yard. There on the road in front of my house, we painted bit stripes (条纹) of colors across the pavement (人行道). Stripe by stripe, our colors turned into a beautiful rainbow. It was fantastic!

The sun was starting to sink. I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car. It was my mother. I couldn’t wait to show her my masterpiece. The car pulled slowly into the driveway and from the look on my mother’s face, I could tell that I was in deep trouble.

My mother shut the car door and walked towards me. Her eyes glaring, she shouted, “What in the world were you thinking? I understood when you made castles out of leaves, and climbed the neighbors’ trees, but this! Come inside right now!” I stood there glaring hack at her for a minute, angry because she had insulted (侮辱) my art. 

“Now go clean it up!” Mother and I began cleaning the road. Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement.  

Though years have now passed, I still wonder where my rainbow has gone. I wonder if, maybe when I get older, I can find my rainbow and never have to brush it away. I guess we all need sort of rainbow to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful.

41. What did the writer want to do when his mother came home?

      A. To introduce Stephanie to her.           

B. To prevent her from seeing his painting. 

      C. To put the materials back in the yard.      

D. To show his artwork to her.

42. In his mother’s eyes, the writer_______.

      A. was a born artist                       

B. always caused trouble

      C. was a problem solver                   

D. worked very hard

43. The underlined word “rainbow” in the last paragraph refers to ______.

      A. the rainbow in the sky                  

B. the stripes on the pavement

      C. something imaginative and fun          

D. important lessons learned in childhood

44. It can be learned from the passage that parents should ________.

      A. encourage children to paint             

 B. value friendship among children

      C. discover the hidden talent in children 

D. protect rather than destroy children’s dreams

  

“Indeed”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly,or bug,had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫). But the Enlish were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to be the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burlar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install(安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversations.Since the 1840s,to bug has long meant “to cheat”,and since the 1994s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw n a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Tomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of stdy and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering′a bug′ in his invented record player.”
【小题1】We learn from Paragraph 1 that         .

A.American had difficulty in learning to use the word “bug”.
B.George Washinton was the first person to call the insect a bug.
C.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century.
D.both the Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the gighteen century.
【小题2】What does the word “flaw in the last paragraph mean?
A.Explanation.
B.Finding.
C.Origin.
D.Fault.
【小题3】The passage is mainly concerned with         .
A.the misunderstanding of thr word bug
B.the deveopment of the word bug
C.the public views of the word bug
D.the special characteristics of the word bug

John Smith was a writer, who wrote detective stories for magazines(杂志), though he never dealt with criminals(罪犯). One evening he could not finish an end for a story. He sat in his study(书房), but he had no ideas. So he decided to go to the cinema.

When he came back, he found that he had had a visitor. Someone had broken into his house. The visitor had had a drink, smoked several of his cigarettes and had read his story. The visitor left him a note. “I have read your story and I don’t think it is very good. Please read my suggestions and you can finish it. By the way, I am a thief. I’m not going to steal anything tonight. But if you become a successful writer, I will return.”

John read the thief’s suggestions. Then he sat down and wrote the rest of the story. He is still not a successful writer, and he is waiting for his “visitor” to return. Before he goes out in the evening, he always leaves a half-finished story in his study.

1.Detective stories are stories about_____.

A.science

B.children

C.the future

D.the police

2.John went to the cinema because_____.

A.he was too tired

B.he wanted to look for a thief

C.he could not finish his story and hoped to get some ideas

D.he wanted to enjoy himself in the cinema

3.The visitor came to John’s house in order to_____.

A.steal something

B.read the story

C.have a drink

D.visit the writer

4.The visitor_____.

A.stayed in John’s house for a night

B.took some of John’s things away

C.left John some advice

D.was a good friend of John’s

5.John would like to_____.

A.have a talk with his visitor

B.get more ideas from the visitor

C.make friends with the visitor

D.catch the visitor and take him to the police

 

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