The bar is noisy．Let’s go to another one．题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In 1 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 2 can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 3 readers. Most of us develop poor reading 4 at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency 5 in the actual stuff of language itself ——words. Taken individually, words have 6 meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. 7 , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing（退回） to 8 words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over 9 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 10 down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as 11 reads.

　　To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 12 , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined（预先确定的） speeD．The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 13 the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 14 word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization（默读）practically impossible. At first 15 is sacrificed for speeD．But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 16 your comprehension will improve. Many people have found 17 reading skill drastically improved after some training. 18 Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 19 the training, now it is an excellent 1,28 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 20 a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

1． A．applying B．doing C．offering D．getting

2． A．quickly B．easily C．roughly D．decidedly

3． A．good B．curious C．poor D．urgent

4． A．training B．habits C．situations D．custom

5． A．lies B．combines C．touches D．involves

6． A．some B．a lot C．little D．dull

7． A．Fortunately B．In fact C．Logically D．Unfortunately

8． A．reuse B．reread C．rewrite D．recite

9． A．what B．which C．that D．if

10．A．scales B．cuts C．slows D．measures

11．A．some one B．one C．he D．reader

12．A．accelerator B．actor C．amplifier D．observer

13．A．then B．as C．beyond D．than

14．A．enabling B．leading C．making D．indicating

15．A．meaning B．comprehensionC．gist D．regression

16．A．but B．nor C．or D．for

17．A．our B．your C．their D．such a

18．A．Look at B．Take C．Make D．Consider

19．A．for B．in C．after D．before

20．A．master B．go over C．present D．get through

There’s not any beer left and the bar is shut so we’ll have to _______.

A. go out B. go off C. go without D. go through

I keep hammering this because I keep seeing people who don’t do it.

1. Look up English to Elvish.

2. Look up the Elvish word in the best Elvish dictionary you have, and, preferably, find out the context（上下文） in Tolkien’s language dictionary.

3. Change the word to suit rules of grammar: singular or plural, mutations, verb tenses, etc.

You cannot leave out any of these steps. If you do, you’re almost certain to have errors. Why you have to do step 2:

Languages never match up one- to-one. English and Elvish are closer than usual, but there are still problems. And English has strange idioms: why are there no baths or beds in public bathrooms or restrooms? You can’t translate literally（逐字地）. You have to understand the meaning behind each word.

In Elvish this is even more true, since our dictionaries contain more or less questionable reconstructions, and words that Tolkien later threw away or replaced. Find the best one you can.

Consider the word “fair”. We tend to use it to mean “just”. Tolkien tends to use it to mean “beautiful”. In Elvish, these are two entirely different words. So when you look up “fair”, you’ll have to go to the Elvish dictionary to see that you’ve got the right one.

Consider the nightmare（噩梦） of He left the bar. Is “left” the opposite of “right” （which also has two meanings） ? Is “bar” extruded steel（型材钢）, or something to do with law? You have to know what words mean in both languages.

And you’d be amazed at how many people ignore step 3, forgetting that language is more than a string of words, and there are rules about how to fit those words together. You can’t simply look up the word “I” and use it everywhere. Sometimes you need “me” or “my”. There’s a reason it takes a while to learn a language: you have to learn the rules.

It drives me completely mad when people give a questionable translation they insist is right because “it’s in the dictionary”. A dictionary is a tool, a resource. but its entries（词目）should not be mistaken for a finished product. They are raw materials.

The underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refers to .

A. consulting the dictionaries when translating between languages

B. finding out the true meaning in context

C. ignoring the rules of grammar

D. leaving out some of the three steps the author mentions

According to the author, you have to do step 2 because .

A. you have to understand the meaning behind each word

B. Elvish and English are quite different in forms

C. there are no baths or beds in public bathrooms

D. Elvish has some words which are hard to find

Grammar is also very important because it .

A. helps fit the words together

B. takes a while to learn a language

C. is a rule to obey

D. is often forgotten in translating

In the last paragraph, the author shows .

A. his impatience to those who insist their wrong translation is right

B. his puzzle to the questionable translation

C. the importance of the correct use of dictionaries

D. the mistaken entries in the dictionaries

The passage is mainly about how to .

A. learn a foreign language with a dictionary

B. avoid errors when looking up a dictionary

C. understand the meaning of a strange word

D. use a dictionary to translate between languages

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words.
In   16  a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 17  can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 18__  readers. Most of us develop poor reading    19  at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency（缺乏） 20  in the actual stuff of language itself — words. Taken individually, words have little meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs.   21 , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing（退回） to 22 words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading.
Another habit which   23  down the speed of reading is vocalization — sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an   24 , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined（预先确定的） speed．The bar is set at a slightly faster rate   25   the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The device forces the reader to read fast,   26 word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization（默读）practically impossible.
At first   27 is sacrificed for speed．But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your understanding will   28 . Many people have found their reading skill greatly improved after some training. 29  Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 182 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can    30  through a lot more reading material in a short period of time.