Question

In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States，many Americans are turning to Japan，a country of high academic achievement and economic success，for possible answers.However，the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find.In most Japanese preschools，surprisingly little stress is put on academic instruction.In one investigation(调查)，300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers，child development specialists，and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education.Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents(答问卷者) listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.On the contrary，over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices.To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond，Japanese schools do not teach reading，writing，and mathematics，but rather skills such as persistence(毅力)，concentration，and the ability to function as a member of a group.The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.

In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education，91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.Sixty­two percent of the more individually oriented(强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices.A stress on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into primary school education.

Like in America，there is diversity(多样性) in Japanese early childhood education.Some Japanese kindergartens have clear aims，such as early musical training or potential development.In large cities，some kindergartens are attached to universities that have primary and middle schools.Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university­based program，it will increase the children's chances of eventually being admitted to top­rated schools and universities.Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing(智力化) in some Japanese kindergartens.

22．We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ________．

A．Japanese parents pay more attention to preschool education than American parents

B．Japan's economic success is the result of its scientific achievements

C．Japanese preschool education attaches greater importance to academic instruction

D．Japan's higher education is better than theirs

23．In Japan's preschool education，the focus is on ________．

A．preparing children academically

B．developing children's interests in music

C．discovering children's potential

D．shaping children's character

24．Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to ________．

A．lighten children's study load

B．encourage children's creativity

C．broaden children's views

D．enrich children's knowledge

25．Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university­based kindergartens?

A．They can have no problems in their future studies.

B．They can have clear aims in life.

C．They can succeed in developing in every way.

D．They can have better chances of getting a first­rate education.

Answer 1

这是一篇讲述日本学前教育的材料，文章指出日本学前教育的侧重点和对集体主义的重视，以及教育内容的丰富多样性。

22．C　事实细节题。根据第一段“…the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little stress is put on academic instruction.”可知，美国人的看法应该是日本的学前教育非常重视专业技术知识的传授，因此C项是正确答案。

23．D　事实细节题。由第一段倒数第二句“To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond，Japanese schools do not teach reading，writing，and mathematics，but rather skills such as persistence，concentration，and the ability to function as a member of a group.”可知，在日本的学前教育中，老师并不教孩子读写和数学，而是重视培养孩子的素质，教育孩子们学会持之以恒、集中精力，并能融入集体之中。所以D项正确。

24．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“…introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.”可推测free play是用来减轻学生学习压力的，所以A项正确。

25．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句“…it will increase the children's chances of eventually being admitted to top­rated schools and universities.”可知，孩子们参加university­based项目可以有更好的机会得到高等教育。故D项正确。