题目内容
The bravery boy was regarded as a hero ________ he gave his life for his country.
[ ]
A.according to
B.because of
C.on account of
D.because
Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been __36__ a couple of times, but I could hardly __37__ to know my ways around the continent. __38__, my knowledge of foreign languages was __39__ to a little college French.
I __40__. How would I, unable to speak the language, __41__ familiar with local geography or transportation systems, conduct interviews and do __42__? It seemed impossible, and with considerable __43__ I sat down to write a letter rejecting the __44__. Halfway through, a __45__ ran through my mind: you can’t learn if you don’t try. So I __46__ the assignment.
There were some bad __47__. But by the time I had finished the trip, I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most __48__ places, without guides or __49__ advanced bookings, confident that somehow I will __50__.
The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition __51__. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning _52_, the world opens to you.
I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a (n) __53__. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept worry as another name for _54_and I believe I can 55_ wonders.
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When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect.
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine “Kitty" Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964. Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed (刺) by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help. The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police.
Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion, the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments.
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate.
Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is ambiguous. In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel", and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.
【小题1】The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect because a woman surnamed Genovese.
| A.it somehow caused the murder of |
| B.its discovery resulted from the murder of |
| C.it was actually discovered by |
| D.it always makes people think of |
| A.while she was going out | B.in her apartment |
| C.halfway home | D.near her apartment |
| A.They believed in the bystander effect. |
| B.They thought someone else might help her. |
| C.They didn't think they should help. |
| D.They didn't think she needed help. |
| A.wait for sort of a signal |
| B.hesitate and estimate the risk of getting hurt |
| C.want to be sure it's appropriate to react |
| D.wonder if the victim is worth helping |
| A.no | B.fewer | C.more | D.braver |
Psychology(心理学)tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially (尤其)when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.
Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn’t have the fear(恐惧)to move on. This is because of one or two failures in their lives. Please step out and don’t let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on!
In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides(提供) us with the desire (渴望)to experiment and take chances.
Risk taking is a great benefit(好处)that allowed our ancestors(祖先) to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories(领土). This attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Riding a roller coaster is a common risk taking activity that even the average person seems to enjoy although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological (生物学上的) connection (联系)creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.
Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk. There is such thing as perfect safety. We need to take risks so that we can finish many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a rocket; however, the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take a risk when they buy parts of a company. However, without doing that, they could not make more money.
We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking a risk. It is all part of the game. It’s one of the most important parts of life.
【小题1】Some people don’t want to take risks, mainly (主要)because ___________.
| A.they are too lazy to move on |
| B.they feel pleased with the present life. |
| C.they have experienced some failures before |
| D.they show little interest in the strange world outside |
| A.Taking risks | B.Fighting off enemies |
| C.Discovering new territories | D.Becoming stronger and stronger |
| A.Daily life is full of risks |
| B.The safest place has the greatest risk |
| C.People should take risks when they are young |
| D.We can always achieve our goals by taking risks |
| A.Taking risks is easier said than done | B.On risks taken by ancestors |
| C.Live our life to the fullest(充分地) | D.No risk, no gain. |
| 完形填空。 | ||||
| If failure is like a day without the sunshine, I'll still smile at it, as clouds may be dancing in the sky. Success does not 1 every person, just like the sun doesn't shine every day. Do you give up your plan to go hiking 2 because the weather isn't as good as you had hoped? No, of course not. I would rather go on trying no matter what I 3 and enjoy on the way to my destination (目的地). 4 , failure is like a naughty boy who plays with us on the way to our goals. Not only does he want to 5 us, but he wants to help us become braver. The more we 6 , the braver we'll be. If failure is the 7 without the moon, I'll still smile at it, as stars may twinkle on us still. 8 , we all like the moon, but should we ignore the stars? There is always something more important than 9 . In other words, we shouldn't only 10 on whether we succeed or fail. In fact, we learn a lot from failure. It is really helpful. The more we learn from failure, the 11 we'll be. If failure is a bird without 12 , I'll still smile at it. Flying isn't the only thing a bird can do. If we can't be 13 by the wide blue sky, why don't we 14 adapting ourselves to the forest through our beautiful singing? Failure 15 us that we should believe in ourselves. We may fail in one area, but we may 16 in another. Maybe we'll find that we have a talent for something we never knew about before. Who 17 ? Life is like a box of chocolates, and you 18 know what you're going to get. Just keep on trying. The process of trying is much more valuable than the 19 . Smile at 20 and smile at life. | ||||
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