First aid is the emergency(紧急)care for a victim’s(受害人)sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available．First aid may save a life or improve certain vital(生命攸关的)signs including pulse, temperature, an unobstructed airway, and breathing．In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim’s condition from worsening and provide relief(解除)from pain．First aid must be carried out as quickly as possible．In the case of the seriously injured, a few minutes can make a difference between a complete recovery and the loss of life．
First-aid measures depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skills．Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do．Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to the everlasting spinal injury and paralysis(永久性脊髓伤害和瘫痪)．
Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid can be used for all emergencies．The first step is to call for the professional medical help．The victim, if conscious(有知觉的), should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid．Next, assess(估计)the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions(原先就存在的疾病)such as diabetes(糖尿病)or heart trouble．Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim．
First aid requires rapid assessment(估计)of victims to determine whether life threatening conditions exist．One method for evaluating(估计)a victim’s condition is known by the acronym(只取首字母缩写词)ABC, which stands for：
A－Airway：Is it open and unobstructed?
B－Breathing：Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing．
C－Circulation：Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally(体表上)?Check the skin color and temperature for the additional indications of circulation problems．
Once the obvious injuries have been evaluated, the injured person’s head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body．If no evidence exists to suggest the potential skull(头骨)or spinal injury, place the injured person in a comfortable position．Positioned on one side, a victim can throw up without choking(窒息)or obstructing the airway．
(1)
The underlined word “unobstructed” has the closest meaning to _________．
[ ]
A．
choke
B．
stuck
C．
free
D．
freely
(2)
When can we move the victim?
[ ]
A．
When the victim is in a dangerous surrounding．
B．
When the victim doesn’t breathe．
C．
When the victim has the spinal injury．
D．
When the victim suffers a skull injury．
(3)
Which is the first step when you meet such a victim?
What will man be like in the future－in 5 000 or even 50 000 years? We can only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time．
Let us take an obvious example．Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today．Now, on average, men are about three inches taller．Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller．
Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal．Even so, we still make use of only about 20％ of the brain’s capacity．As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones．This is likely to bring about a physical change till the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger．
Nowadays our eyes are in constant use．In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses．But over a very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger．
On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs．These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker．At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life．
But what about hair? It will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer．In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald．
Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at．This may well be true．All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us．He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own．
(1)
The passage tells us about _________．
[ ]
A．
how man’s life will be in the future
B．
how future man will look like
C．
the fact that man’s organs will function differently in the future
D．
the fact that man is growing uglier as time passes
(2)
Man’s forehead will grow larger because _________．
[ ]
A．
he will use only about 20％ of the brain’s capacity
B．
the other 80％ of his brain will grow in due time
C．
he had a rather narrow forehead a few hundred years ago
D．
he will have to use his brain more and more as time goes on
(3)
Future man will probably _________．
[ ]
A．
have smaller eyes
B．
have stronger eyes
C．
see better
D．
have to wear better glasses
请同学们阅读下面的短文，然后完成后面的阅读任务。
Salvia Earle, a marine botanist and one of the foremost deep-sea explorers, has spent over 6, 000 hours, more than seven months, underwater．From her earliest years, Earle had a fascination for marine life, and she took her first plunge into the open sea as a teenager．
In the years since then she has taken part in a number of landmark underwater projects, from exploratory expeditions around the world to her well-known“Jim dive”in 1978, which was the deepest solo dive ever made without cable connecting the diver to a support ship at the surface of the sea．
Clothed in a Jim suit, a suit of plastic and metal armor, which was secured to a manned submarine, Salvia Earle plunged vertically into the Pacific Ocean, at times at a speed of 100 feet per minute．On reaching the ocean floor, she was released from the submarine and from that point her only connection to the sub was an 18-foot rope．For the next two and a half hours, Earle roamed the seabed taking notes, collecting specimens, and planting a U．S．flag．Having an irresistible desire to descend deeper still, in 1981 she became involved in the design and manufacture of deep-sea submersibles, one of which took her to a depth of 3,000 feet．This, however, did not end Sylvia Earle’s accomplishments．
(1)
Salvia Earle discovered her fascination for marine life ________．
[ ]
A．
in her childhood
B．
during her 6, 000 hours’ under water
C．
after she made her deepest solo dive
D．
in her adulthood
(2)
It can be inferred from the passage that Salvia Earle ________．
[ ]
A．
has received a very good education
B．
is uncomfortable in the submarine
C．
does not have technical expertise
D．
has devoted her life to ocean exploration
(3)
The main purpose of this passage is ________．
[ ]
A．
to explore the plants of the ocean floor
B．
to present an account of what Salvia Earle did
C．
to provide an introduction to oceanography
D．
to show the historical importance of“Jim dive”
(4)
Which of the following is NOT true about“Jim dive”?
[ ]
A．
Salvia Earle successfully made it in 1981．
B．
It was performed in the Pacific Ocean．
C．
Earle took notes while she was on the ocean floor．
D．
The submarine Earle was connected to the manned submarine．
举一反三单元同步过关卷系列答案
