Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while — then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably(好客).
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!
【小题1】The writer of this passage must be ______.

A.an AmericanB.a ChineseC.a professorD.a student
【小题2】 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.
B.Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.
C.Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.
D.Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.
【小题3】 From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will probably be ______.
A.warmly welcomed at the airport
B.offered a ride to his home
C.treated hospitably at his home
D.treated to dinner in a restaurant
【小题4】 The underlined words “generous with our time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ______.
A.strict with timeB.serious with time
C.careful with timeD.willing to spend time
【小题5】 A suitable title for this passage would probably be “______”.
A.Friendships between Chinese
B.Friendships between Americans
C.Americans’ hospitality
D.Americans’ and Chinese’s views of friendships

How many times have you got upset because someone wasn't doing his job,because your child isn't behaving?How many times have you been irritated (恼怒的) when you've planned something carefully and things didn't go as you'd hoped?

This kind of anger and irritation happens to all of us—it’s part of the human experiences.

One thing that irritates me is when people talk during a movie,or cut me off in traffic. Actually, I have a lot of these little annoyances—don't we all?And it isn’t always easy to find peace when you’ve become upset or irritated.

Let me tell you a little secret to finding peace of mind: see the glass as already broken .

See, the cause of our stress, anger and irritation is that things don't go the way we like, the way we expect them to. Think of how many times this has been true for you. And so the solution is simple:expect things to go wrong, expect things to be different than we hoped or planned,expect the unexpected to happen. And accept it.

One quick example: on our recent trip to Japan, I told my kids to expect things to go wrong—they always do on a trip. I told them, “See it as part of the adventure.”

And this worked like a charm. When we inevitably(不可避免地) took the wrong train on a foreign­language subway system, or when it rained on the day we went to Disney Sea, or when we took three trains and walked 10 blocks only to find the National Children's Castle closed on Mondays...they said, “It's part of the adventure!” And it was all OK—we didn't get too bothered.

So when the nice glass you bought inevitably falls and breaks some day, you might get upset. But things will be different, if you see the glass as already broken, from the day you get it. You know it'll break some day, so from the beginning, see it as already broken. Be a time­traveler, or someone with time­traveling vision, and see the future of this glass, from this moment until it inevitably breaks. And when it breaks, you won't be upset or sad—because it was already broken, from the day you got it. And you’ll realize that every moment you have with it is precious.

1.The author would probably agree that________.

A.we should control our anger and irritation

B.we must get well prepared for the future

C.optimism can help us overcome our anger and irritation

D.anger and irritation is a natural part of our life

2.The purpose of the author is to________.

A.tell us his own experience in life

B.advise us how to find peace of mind

C.tell us a happy trip he took with his children

D.ask us to see things from both sides

3.By the underlined part (in Para.3), the author tells us to________.

A.get ready for the worst result of things

B.enjoy the process of things

C.expect little from life

D.find the relationship between cause and effect

4.The author’s children could enjoy their trip to Japan because________.

A.everything went smoothly

B.they had a lot of adventures

C.they had expected things to go wrong

D.they could soon get used to the customs there

5.We can learn from the passage that the author________.

A.often gets angry in his life

B.can adjust his state of mind accordingly

C.always expects others to act in his way

D.always suffers from his anger and irritation

 

Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?

    To see whether babies know objects are solid. T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion (视觉影像) of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could be expected to show surprised in their faces and movements. All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.

Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?

Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to re-appear. If the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted (替换) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch (更换). Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.

1.The passage is mainly about         .

A. babies’ sense of sight                   B. effects of experiments on babies

C. babies’ understanding of objects         D. different tests on babies’ feelings

2.In Paragraph 3, object permanence means that when out of sight, an object            .

A. still exists          B. keeps its shape    C. still stays solid      D. is beyond reach

3.What did Bower use in his experiments?

A. A chair             B. A screen         C. A film             D. A box

4.Which of the following statements is true?

A. The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.

B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.

C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects

D. The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.

 

Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?

To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch, and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.

Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?

Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch. Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence, while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.

 

1.The passage is mainly about _____.

         A. babies’ sense of sight          

         B. effects of experiments on babies

         C. babies’ understanding of objects

         D. different tests on babies’ feelings

2. In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object ________.

         A. still exists                                B. keeps its shape

         C. still stays solid                        D. is beyond reach

3.What did Bower use in his experiments?

         A. A chair.     B. A screen.       C. A film.          D. A box.

4.Which of the following statements is true?

         A. The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.   

         B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.

         C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.   

         D. The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.

 

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