James likes to play violin and chess when he is free. A. the; / B. / ; the C. the; the D. / ; / 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

When someone says, “Well, I guess I'll have to go to face the music,” it doesn’t mean he is planning to go to a concert. It is something far less pleasant, like being called in your boss to explain why you did this and did that, and why you did not do this or that. Terrible music, indeed, but it has to be faced. At some time or another, every one of us has had to “face the music”, especially as children. We can remember father’s angry voice: “I want to talk to you!” And only because we did not obey him. What an unpleasant business it was!

The phrase “face the music” is known to every American, old and young. It is at least one hundred years old. Where did the expression come from?

The first explanation came from the American novelist James Fenimore Cooper. He said, in 1851, that expression was first used by actors while waiting in the wings (舞台的两侧) to go on stage. After they got their clue(暗示) to go on , they often said, “It’s time to go to face the music. ” And that is exactly what they did face the orchestra (乐队) which was just below the stage.

An actor might be frightened or nervous as he moved on to the stage in front of the audience(观众) that might be friendly, or perhaps unfriendly, especially if he forgot his lines. But he had to go out. If he did not, there would be no play. So “face the music” came to mean: having to go through something, no matter how unpleasant the experience might be, because you knew you had no choice.

The expression “face the music” means ______.

A. plan to go to a concert

B. get one’s clue to do something

C. have to go through something far less pleasant

D. disobey what one's father says

The passage tells us that the expression was first used by _____.

A. children B. novelists C. actors D. audience

In the last paragraph the Chinese meaning of the word “line” is _______.

A. 老板 B. 同事 C. 角色 D. 台词

Are you a social butterfly, or do you prefer being at the edge of a group of friends? Either way, your genes and evolution may play a major 1 , US researchers reported on Monday.

While it may come as no surprise that genes may help explain 2 some people have many friends and others have 3 , the researchers said, their findings go just a little farther than that.

"Some of the things we find are 4 uncommon," said Nicholas Christakis of Harvard University in Massachusetts, who helped 5 the study.

"We find that how interconnected your friends are 6 on your genes. Some people have four friends who know each other and some people have four friends who don't 7 each other. 8 Dick and Harry know each other depends on Tom's 9 ," Christakis said in a telephone interview.

Christakis and colleague James Fowler of the University of California San Diego are 10 known for their studies that show obesity, smoking and happiness spread in networks.

For this study, they and Christopher Dawes of UCSD used national data that 11 more than 1,000 identical(同卵的) and fraternal（异卵的） twins’ genes. Because 12 share an environment, these studies are good for showing the impact that genes have 13 various things, because identical twins 14 all their genes while fraternal twins share just half.

"We found there appears to be a genetic tendency to introduce your friends 15 each other," Christakis said.

There could be good, evolutionary reasons 16 this. People in the middle of a social network could be secret to useful gossip, 17 the location of food or good investment choices.

But they would also be at risk of catching effects from all sides -- in which case the advantage would 18 more cautious social behavior, they wrote in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"It may be that natural selection is 19 not just things like whether or not we can resist the common cold, but also who it is that we are going to come into 20 with," Fowler said in a statement.

( ) 1. A. role B. rule C. roll D. pole

( ) 2. A. where B. why C. when D. how

( ) 3. A. a few B. several C. few D. some

( ) 4. A. generally B. mainly C. mostly D. frankly

( ) 5. A. conduct B. introduce C. conflict D. instruct

( ) 6. A. depends B. bases C. take D. put

( ) 7. A. see B. inspect C. learn D. know

( ) 8. A. When B. Where C. What D. Whether

( ) 9. A. genes B. brains C. appearances D. figures

( ) 10. A. much B. best C. very D. least

( ) 11. A. recorded B. illustrated C. described D. compared

( ) 12. A. brothers B. sisters C. twins D. cousins

( ) 13. A. with B. on C. for D. to

( ) 14. A. share B. have C. own D. show

( ) 15. A. into B. to C. in D. from

( ) 16. A. for B. with C. to D. at

( ) 17. A. in addition to B. due to C. as for D. such as

( ) 18. A. lie on B. bring in C. lie in D. send in

( ) 19. A. acting on B. putting on C. relying on D. sending on

( ) 20. A. contract B. face C. join D. contact

It started off as part of French military training and has since evolved as a sport, founded by Sebastian Foucan and David Belle, to encompass a wide variety of techniques, philosophies and exercises. Park-our now enjoys the devotion of many die-hard fans across the world and has been the source for much inspiration.

But what is park-our? It is the art of using only your body to navigate from Point A to B in the least time possible, which involves besides leaping, climbing and sprinting, various unusual and complex movements to overcome barriers. Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond’s wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.

Yes, that’s pork-our, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Park-our is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.

Park-our can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see much more in park-our than that.

To overcome all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy(理念)behind park-our. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in park-our and never fall back from them in your life to reach the destination successfully. A park-our lover said, “I love park-our, because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.”

Another philosophy we’ve learned from park-our is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself so that you earn energy and confidence.

1. Park-our has become popular throughout the world because of ________.

A. its founder, David Belle B. the film, Casino Royale

C. its risks and tricks D. the varieties of participants

2.The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”.

A.streets B. objects C. barriers D. roofs

3.As its participants move around a city, _________.

A. they can ask for help B. they may choose to escape

C. they should run to extremes D. they must learn to survive

4.Which of the following is TRUE about park-our?

A. It challenges human abilities. B. It is a good but boring sport

C. It needs special training D. It is a team sport

5.Which of the following is the philosophy of park-our?

A. Sports and extremes. B. Excitement and freedom.

C. Dreams and success. D. Self-confidence and freedom.

We like to think our intelligence is self-made; it happens inside our heads, the product of our inner thoughts alone. But the rise of Google, Wikipedia and other online tools has made many people question the impact of these technologies on our brains. Is typing in “Who has played James Bond in the movies?” the same as our knowledge about the names like Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig? Can we say we know the answer as long as we know how to rapidly get the information on Google?

Here the question is about how we define intelligence itself. The answer appears to be interesting, because the evidence from psychological studies suggests that much of our intelligence comes from how we coordinate ourselves with other people and our environment.

An influential theory among psychologists is that we're cognitive misers(认知吝啬者). This is the idea that we are unwilling to do mental work unless we have to. We try to avoid thinking things fully when a short cut is available. If you've ever voted for the presidential candidate(总统候选人) with the most honest smile, or chosen a restaurant based on how many people are already sitting in there, then you are a cognitive miser. The theory explains why we'd much rather type a zip code into Google Maps than memorize and recall the location of a place – it's so much easier to do so.

Research shows that people don't tend to rely on their memories for things they can easily access. Buildings can somehow disappear from pictures we're looking at, or the people we're talking to can be changed with someone else, and often we won't notice – a phenomenon called “change blindness”. This isn't an example of human stupidity – far from it, in fact – this is an example of mental efficiency. The mind relies on the world as a better record than memory.

Philosophers have suggested that thinking is really happening in the environment as much as it is happening in our brains. The philosopher Andy Clark called humans "natural born cyborgs(电子人)", those naturally capable of absorbing and combining new tools, ideas and abilities. In Clark's view, the route to a solution is not the issue – having the right tools really does mean you know the answers, just as much as already knowing the answer.

Rather than being forced to rely on our own resources for everything, we can share our knowledge. Technology keeps track of things for us so we don't have to, while large systems of knowledge serve the needs of society as a whole. I don't know how a computer works, or how to grow vegetables, but that knowledge is out there and I can get to benefit. The internet provides even more potential to share this knowledge. Wikipedia is one of the best examples – an increasingly large database of knowledge from which everyone can benefit.

So as well as having a physical environment – like the rooms or buildings we live or work in – we also have a mental environment, which means that when I ask you where your mind is, you shouldn’t point toward the centre of your forehead. As research shows, our minds are made up just as much by the people and tools around us as they are by the brain cells inside our skull.

1.Why did the writer raise the questions in Paragraph 1?

A．To find out who has played James Bond in the movies.

B．To introduce the topic to be discussed in the passage.

C．To show that he knows the answer to the questions.

D．To attract readers’ attention by mentioning James Bond.

2.What is the writer’s attitude towards the rise of technologies like Google and Wikipedia?

A．Supportive B．Objective C．Indifferent D．Neutral

3. Which of the following might the philosopher Andy Clark agree with?

A．Intelligence is something that is made by one’s brain itself.

B．Intelligence is something that only happens inside one’s head.

C．Intelligence is the product of one’s inner thoughts alone.

D．Intelligence is a mixture of the environment, people and one’s brain cells.

4.It is true about the phenomenon called “change blindness” that human beings____.

A．are stupid not to notice the changes

B．are efficient in mental work

C．are blind to changes around them

D．rely on memory when dealing with things

5.According to the text, how do technologies like Google, Wikipedia affect us?

A．They make us much more intelligent.

B．They make us lazier and more stupid.

C．They have little to do with our intelligence.

D．They have a negative effect on our intelligence.

There are many sorts of spies. There are those employed by governments to protect their countries’ interests; there are those we find in fiction and film, like the famous James Bond; and then there are the spies of the business world. But now there is a new form of espionage (间谍): sports spying. It may be a profitable job – if the spy can find a buyer for the information.

Last week, British newspapers reported that the England national team had been secretly recorded by an unknown group of individuals.

Media suggested that bugs had picked up a discussion of team tactics (战术), as well as playful talk about athletes’ affairs and possible rewards for players if they manage to win the World Cup.

England officials immediately filed a suit to stop media from publishing the contents of the recordings. Little is known about the identities of the spies, but authorities doubt they have any connection to rival sides preparing for this summer’s competition in South Africa. Rather, it appears that the people who bugged the hotel meeting room are just after money. If they find the right buyer, they could get a lot of it.

Gambling in major sports, like football, involves much more than picking the winner of a particular match. People can also place bets on starting line-ups, the timing of substitutions and goals scored. Knowing a team’s tactics for a particular game, or for a series of games, can help gamblers to increase their chances of winning big money.

England manager Fabio Capello tried to play down the importance of game tactics. He argued that a team’s psychological preparation is the most vital. “It’s more important to train the mind, to find confidence, create a group and a winning mentality,” he said.

Perhaps of more interest to the casual fan are the discussions of the players’ relationships with wives and girlfriends. UK newspapers may be prevented from publishing the details, but some Britons might say, the chances of the recordings never being heard are about as good as those of England winning this year’s competition: slim to none.

1.We may know from the first paragraph that ______________.

A. the spies mentioned are all pursuing money

B. all the spies are employed by the government

C. James Bond belongs to spies of the business world

D. if a sport spy can find a buyer, he can make money

2.What does the underlined word “bugs” probably mean?

A. A small insect. B. The devices used in the spying.

C. A kind of virus. D. A kind of laptop computers.

3.The group of individuals who spied the England national team____________.

A. are from the rival sides for sure

B. probably intended to make money

C. are involved in gambling

D. knew a winning mentality for a team is important

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The chance of the England team winning the African World Cup is very small.

B. Many people will never hear the recordings.

C. A fan will be more interested in the players’ relationships with wives and girlfriends.

D. No one can get any information from the UK newspapers for ever.

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