Kathy started at my nursery school at the age of three. She settled into the group easily, and would be first on the slide and highest up the climbing frame. She could put on her coat without help and not only fasten her own buttons but other children’s too.

She was a lovely child but unfortunately a scratcher. If anyone upset her or stood in her way, her right hand would flash out fast and scratch down the face of her playmates. Children twice her age would fly in fear from her.

This must have been very rewarding for Kathy but obviously it had to be stopped. All the usual ways failed and then I remembered an account by G  Atkinson Highfield School, of how fights in the playground had been stopped. No punishment had been given, but the attacker had been ignored and the victims rewarded. So I decided to try out on Kathy.

With a pocketful of Smarties I followed Kathy around. She was so quick that it was impossible to prevent her scratching, but I was dertermined to stay within arm’s length all afternoon.

All was peaceful but then I saw Kathy’s hand moved and heard the scream. Gently I gathered up the little hurt one in my arms and said “Nice, nice sweetie” and then looked puzzled when she got nothing.

Soon came another scream, this time from John. While holding him in my arms, I said, “Look, Kathy, a nice Smartie for John” and put it into John’s mouth.

A smile of understanding flashed across Kathy’s face. Minutes later, she came to me and said loudly, “Give me a Smartie! I have hurt my finger!”

“No,” I replied, “you’ll get it if someone hurts you.”

On purpose, she turned and scratched a nearby boy, Tom, and waited quietly while I mothered and rewarded him, then she walked away.

She has never scratched a child since.

Parents who find older children bullying younger brothers and sisters might do well to replace shouting and punishment by rewarding and giving more attention to the injured ones. It’s certainly much easier and more effective.

From the passage, we know that Kathy is _______.

A. sensitive but slow

B. smart but a bit rude

C. independent but selfish

D. quick but sort of passive.

Kathy scratched Tom because _______.

A. she was angry at Tom, who was in her way

B. she wanted to get a Smartie from the teacher

C. she was in the habit of scratching other children

D. she wanted to know if the teacher meant what she had said

According to the passage, the underlined word “bullying” is closest in meaning to“_______”.

A. helping

B. punishing

C. hurting

D. protecting

The writer of this passage aims to recommend an approach to _______.

A. rewarding children’s good behavior 

B correcting children’s bad behavior

C. punishing badly-behaved children

D. praising well-behaved children

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。

The first chocolate was eaten by Mayan and Aztec people in Central and South America hundreds of years ago. ___1____ the cocoa bean was used to make a chocolate drink that the people enjoyed very much. Much later, the cocoa bean was brought across to Europe and people there also came to love the taste of chocolate.

__2___ One of the items he sold was cocoa powder to make into drinks. In 1831, he opened a small factory to make cocoa powder from cocoa beans. John Cadbury believed that alcohol was an important cause of poverty and he wanted to encourage people to drink chocolate instead. A few years later a man called Joseph Fry invented a way to make chocolate bars, and so for the first time people had the chance to eat chocolate instead of only drinking it. At first, chocolate was a luxury and only the rich people could afford it. ___3___

___4___ Milk chocolate came later and this was made by adding milk of milk

powder to the chocolate. Cadbury’s introduced their first milk chocolate bar in 1879. Their most famous chocolate, Cadbury’s Milk Bar, was introduced in 1905. It has been a best seller in Britain and around the world for nearly 100 years.

The Cadbury factory is still in Birmingham and the chocolate produced there is eaten all over the world. 5   

A.Later, as more and more chocolate bars were produced and sold, it became cheaper.

B.John Cadbury wanted people to drink chocolate instead of alcohol.

C.However, at first only plain chocolate was produced.

D.Every year, thousands of visitors visit the factory to see how chocolate is made.

E. In 1824, John Cadbury opened a small shop in Birmingham.

F. More and more chocolate was manufactured.

G. In those days, the people did not really eat chocolate;

 

五、对话填空 (10分)

阅读下面对话,掌握其大意,并根据所给字母的提示,在标有题号的右边横线上写出一个英语单词的完整、正确形式,使对话通顺。

J =" John      " R = Robert

J:  I hear that an important meeting is to be ( 76 ) h       in our    76.          

city. What’s it about?

R:  It’s said that its (77) g       is to make clean drinking         77.        

water available to all.

J:   Who do you know will (78) t        part in the meeting?      78.        

R:   Representatives from more than 80 countries, as is

(79) r       on TV.                                     79.      

J:   Could you tell me (80) m       ?                        80.       

R:   Sure! Three things will be (81) d        at the meeting       81.       

—ways of making good use of water, (82) r       water      82.        

pollution and saving water.

J:   That’s good news for people in this area. As you may know,

there are too (83) m       factories around here, which let     83.       

out plenty of poisonous gas and polluted water. So we eagerly

hope that strong (84) m        will be taken to stop the       84.       

water pollution.

R:   I quite agree with you. Let’s hope for the day to come as

soon as (85) p        .                                 85.