D Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is also one of the most interesting. It was named after Jupiter, the most important of the Roman gods, and nicknamed the “King of Planets. It i 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is also one of the most interesting. It was named after Jupiter, the most important of the Roman gods, and nicknamed the “King of Planets.” It is the fifth planet from the sun and the fourth brightest object in the sky. Before the invention of the telescope, Jupiter was thought to be a bright star.

In 1610, the famous astronomer Galileo realised that Jupiter was actually a planet. He also noticed that it had four large moons. These are known as the Galilean moons. The biggest is Ganymede, and it is larger than the planets Pluto and Mercury. Next in size is Callisto, which is the farthest away from Jupiter. It is the closest to the planet, and has a lot of active volcanoes. The smallest of the Galilean moons is Europa. Europa is covered in ice, and scientists believe there may be an ocean underneath.

Galileo's discovery that Jupiter was not a star but a planet was very important. Before this time, people believed the Earth to be the centre of the universe. They thought that the sun, stars, and other planets all revolved around the Earth. However, Galileo proved that the sun was at the centre of the universe!

(A) Jupiter is farther out in the solar system than Earth, so it takes longer to revolve around the sun. (B) However, a day on Jupiter is much shorter, only 9.8 Earth hours. (C) This is because it spins(旋转) a lot faster than the Earth does. (D)

Another of Jupiter's interesting features（特性） is its “Great Red Spot.” On the surface of the planet is a large red spot. The spot is actually a huge storm like a hurricane, but bigger. It covers an area twice as big as the Earth and has been going on for at least 400 years!

62. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Features of the planet Jupiter.

B. Differences between Jupiter and other planets.

C. Galileo's accomplishments in astronomy（天文）.

D. How Jupiter moves in the solar system.

63. According to Paragraph 3, why is Galileo's discovery important?

A. Because Jupiter was thought to be smaller than Earth.

B. Because people knew that Earth is not the only planet.

C. Because it meant that the planet goes around the Earth.

D. Because it proved that Earth is not the centre of the universe.

64. The underlined word “revolved” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to .

A. approached B. stopped C. sped up D. circled

65. Where would the following sentence best fit into Paragraph 4, (A), (B), (C) or (D)?

This means that one year on Jupiter is as long as 11.6 Earth years.

62---65 ADDB

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The world’s astronomers came to their senses yesterday and approved a new definition of the word “planet” that would drop tiny Pluto from the club and relegate it instead to a lesser realm of “dwarf planets.” It was a welcome step away from a proposal that would have kept Pluto as a planet but meantime opened the door for dozens of small, icy bodies on the fringes of the solar system.

The important vote came after fierce debate at a meeting of the International Astronomical Union, which had been considering a proposal to define a planet as any object that orbits a star and is large enough for its own gravity to pull it into a spherical (球形的) shape. That definition was scientifically precise but led to results that offended common sense. An asteroid, a small moon, and another icy ball like Pluto would suddenly have risen to planet-hood, swelling the number of planets to 12, with many more icy rocks likely to qualify as more was learned about them.

Fortunately, the astronomers have now added another requirement to the definition. Planets must not only be large enough to be round, they must also have cleared out the neighborhood around their orbits. Pluto would not qualify — it orbits in a belt of icy debris on the edge of the solar system. Neither would an icy rock nicknamed Xena, which orbits in that same zone, nor Ceres, a big asteroid that marches in the company of other asteroids. Pluto’s moon, Charon, which had qualified under the first proposal, is also out of the running.

Pluto, with its small size and oddball orbit, should never have been deemed a planet in the first place. Henceforth there will be eight planets, at least three dwarf planets, and tens of thousands of “smaller solar system bodies,” like comets and asteroids. Our only regret is that the astronomers chose the name “dwarf planets” for Pluto’s new category instead of abandoning the word entirely when discussing these less-than-planetary bodies.

46. We can know from the passage that the new definition of planet __________.

A. has been welcomed by all walks of life

B. will kick the Pluto out of the planet group in the solar system

C. still makes the Pluto as a planet

D. will enlarge the number of planets in our solar system into permanently 12

47. After the new definition of “planet” was put forward, all of the following are regarded as planet except________.

A. Venus B. Ceres C. Mars D. Jupiter

48. The writer’s attitudes towards the new definition of “planet” is________.

A. welcome B. indifferent C. hostile D. neutral

49 If the original definition of “planet” had not been changed, there would be the following consequences except that ________.

A. thousands of icy rocks in space will be classified as planets

B. some asteroids big enough to pull itself into a spherical shape will be regarded as planets.

C. the Pluto will be relegated to “dwarf planet”

D. there will be at least twelve or even more planets in the solar system.

50. We can infer from the article that the decision to apply new definition to “planet”________.

A. has won universal support from scientists.

B. has been severely criticized by many astronomers

C. has not been made inconsiderately.

D. has been banned by the International Astronomical Union

When Geoff Marcy was 14, his parents bought him a telescope. Every night, he would go onto the roof outside his window to see the wonders of the sky.

“What excited me most was whether there were planets in other solar systems where life might exist,” he says. “I decided to try to find planets orbiting other stars like our Sun.”

And he did. “My fellow researcher, Paul Butler, and I found our first planet in 1995,” Dr. Marcy says. “We worked for ten years without finding anything! But we stuck with it and our patience paid off.”

Since then, the two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets found orbiting other stars. Dr. Marcy and Dr. Butler also spotted the first “family” of three planets. In June 2002 they announced another discovery: a Jupiter-like planet orbiting star 55Cancri.

At first, the two researchers found only planets that orbit close to stars. Recently, the scientists found planets farther out. The planet orbiting 55Cancri is a major breakthrough: it is the first sighting of a large gas planet about same distance from the star as Jupiter is from the Sun.

Why is this important ? Scientists think that life on Earth may exist because of two special features in our solar system. The first is Jupiter.

“Because it’s so big, Jupiter pulls comets and asteroids(小行星), or they all come and hit the Earth.” Dr. Marcy explains. “Without Jupiter , life on Earth would likely have been destroyed.”

A second feature is that Earth is a rocky planet where liquid water, which is necessary for life , can exist. Unlike gas planets, rocky planets like Earth have surfaces where water can gather in pools and seas, which may support life. A huge space exists between the Jupiter-like planet and two other planets that lie close to 55Cancri. Is there an Earth-like planet in the space, too small for us to notice? If so, says Dr. Marcy, “We would have two striking similarities to our solar system: a Jupiter-like planet and an Earth-like planet. And there may be life!”

1.What can we learn about Dr. Marcy from the passage?

A. He is fond of watching Jupiter.

B. He is from a scientist family.

C. He dislikes working with Paul Butler.

D. He is interested in finding life in outer space.

2.Which of the following is true of the recent discovery?

A. The planet is not as protective as Jupiter.

B. The planet is close to star 55Cancri.

C. The planet proves to be a gas planet.

D. The planet is as large as Jupiter.

3.Dr. Marcy and Dr. Butler began to find new planets in ____.

A.1995 B.1985 C.2002 D.1981

4.Dr. Marcy thinks that life may exist in the 55Cancri system because ____.

A. he has found the system similar to the solar system.

B. he has discovered an Earth-like planet there.

C. he has discovered a rocky planet there.

D. he has found signs of life in the system

5.“But we stuck with it”( in Paragraph 3) means ____.

A. they felt discouraged B. they carried on with it

C. they failed in their attempt D. they made some progress

It is always hard for a small fish to live in a big pond. Pluto's recent departure from the classical planet family clearly proves that size really matters.

Astronomers voted on August 24 to create the first scientific definition of the word planet, and Pluto obviously didn't make the cut. It turned out to be only a "dwarf planet" (矮行星). After weeks of heated debate, over 2,500 astronomers from 73 countries voted on the definition of a "planet" at a conference of the international Astronomical Union (IAU). According to the definition, a planet must have a clear neighborhood around its orbit. Pluto has widely been considered a planet since its discovery in 1930. Unfortunately, it has a special orbit which overlaps with Neptune's. It is all because, compared with Neptune, Pluto is very small. It is attracted by Neptune's gravity when the two planets get closer.

According to IAU, a "dwarf planet" should have an orbit around the Sun. It will not have a clear neighborhood around its orbit, and must not be a satellite. The new classification means that the science textbooks will have to be updated. The solar system is now made up of the eight "classical planets," together with a number of dwarf planets. The classical planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The debate over Pluto's status started in 1992. After an advanced telescope was sent into space, astronomers started find a belt of objects, which lies beyond Neptune. The belt contains nearly 1,000 objects, including Pluto. As they continued the exploration, scientists recently discovered at least 41 dwarf planets at the edges of the solar system. There are at least two objects of a similar size to Pluto.

It seems that even if the IAU had kept Pluto's status as a planet, the classical theory of nine planets in the solar system would have had to be changed, but the other way around. More dwarf, planets of a similar size to Pluto would join the family of planets. Scientists will probably find many more dwarf planets.

1.According to the passage, Pluto is .

A．a planet which has a clear neighborhood around its orbit

B．a satellite of Neptune which was discovered in 1930

C．the smallest planet in the solar system

D．a planet which has an orbit around the sun

2.The sentence "It is always hard for a small fish to live in a big pond" quoted in the beginning of the passage is used to .

A．tell us a small fish can hardly survive in the big pond

B．tell us the size of an object really matters

C．mean that a small planet can hardly exist in the solar system

D．explain the disappearanee of Pluto in the solar system

3.From the last paragraph we can infer that if IAU kept Pluto's status as a planet, the number of planets in the solar system would be .

A．eight

B．nine

C．less than nine

D．more than nine

4.Which of the following statements is NOT true aceording to the passage?

A．According to definition of a "planet", if Pluto were bigger it would not have left the classic planet family.

B．It's quite possible for dwarfs to lose if they compete with big men

C．Pluto has a special orbit which overlap with Neptune's, because it is so small as to be attraeted by Neptune's gravity when the two planets get closer

D．A "dwarf planet", which can not be a satellite without a clear neighborhood around its orbit, should have an orbit around the Sun.