Question

2．The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare，Zimbabwe's capital city，is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound （白蚁堆）．
Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building，which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating．The building-the country's largest commercial and shopping complex-uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size．The Eastgate's owners saved 3.5millionona36 million building because an air-conditioning plant didn't have to be imported．
The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady，glass-roofed atrium （天井） open to the air．Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium，blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents （通风口）．As it rises and warms，it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys．
During summer's cool nights，big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors．By day，smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building，to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors．For winter days，there are small heaters in the vents．
This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level，has cloudless skies，little dampness and rapid temperature swings-days as warm as 31℃commonly drop to 14℃at night．"You couldn't do this in New York，with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters，"Pearce said．
The engineering firm of Ove Arup & Partners monitors daily temperatures．It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃and 25℃，with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November，when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night．And the air is fresh-far more so than in air-conditioned buildings，where up to 30% of the air is recycled．
47．Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building？B
A．It was designed in a smaller size．
B．No air conditioners were fixed in．
C．Its heating system was less advanced．
D．It used rather different building materials．
48．What does the underlined"it"in Paragraph 3 refer to？A
A．Fresh air from outside．B．Heat in the building．
C．Hollow space．D．Baseboard vent．
49．Why wouldn't a building like Eastgate work efficiently in New York？D
A．New York has less clear skies as Harare．
B．Its dampness affects the circulation of air．
C．New York covers a larger area than Harare．
D．Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily．
50．The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate's temperature control systemB
A．allows a wide range of temperatures
B．functions well for most of the year
C．can recycle up to 30% of the air
D．works better in hot seasons．

Answer 1

分析 本文是科普说明文，讲新型的建筑东门大厦在哈拉雷，津巴布韦的首都，据说是世界上唯一一个使用与白蚁堆相同原理的制冷和制热的建筑．它不需要装空调，几乎没有加热系统，而是利用天井和风扇把外面新鲜空气吸到办公室里面，这样空气即新鲜又经济．这一切之所以可能是因为哈拉雷特定的气候和环境，在纽约不能做到这一点．

解答 47．B．细节题：从第二段的句子：The Eastgate's owners saved 3.5millionona36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didn't have to be imported．可知Eastgate比传统的建筑便宜，因为它不需要装空调，所以选B．
48．A．指代题．从第三段的句子：Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium，blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents（通风口）．可知风扇把新鲜空气天井吸入，把它（新鲜空气）从地板下的中空的空间往上吹；最后从通风口送进办公室，所以这里的it指"新鲜空气"，答案选A．
49．D．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段提到这种建造的一个条件是"…rapid temperature swings-days as warm as 31℃commonly drop to 14℃at night．（快速的气温变化--白天的气温31度而夜晚气温14度）"；但是"You couldn't do this in New York，with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters，在纽约你无法这么做，因为纽约夏天很热冬天很冷，即纽约的天气是季节变化而不是每天变化"得知答案选D
50．B．细节理解题．根据最后一段提到It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃and 25℃，with the exception of （ 除了） the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November，得知建筑物内的温度保持在23到25度，除10月与11月之外．所以这个系统一年的大部分时间都能用，因此答案选B．

点评 科普文通常学术性较强，结构严谨，且每段的第一句话大多是主旨句．如果抓住了科普文的首尾和每段的第一句话，那么整篇文章的中心思想便了然于心．在做"给文章拟标题"或"作者写作意图"类的主旨大意题时便不易受干扰项的影响．
　　其次，在做判断正误题或判断推理题时要忠实原文，不要夹杂个人思想．首先要排除掉与文章内容不符的选项，在剩下的选项中再比较一下哪一项更贴近文章主旨．