Question

      Dogs are prone to complex emotions such as jealousy and pride, according to scientific research that sheds new light on their relationship with humans.

   Dogs do not like seeing their owners offering affection to other creatures, especially other dogs, and react negatively when their owners bring home new partners, the research found.

  Psychologists previously believed most animals lack the “sense of self” needed to experience so－called secondary emotions such as jealousy, embarrassment or guilt. These emotions are more complex than feelings associated with instant reaction such as anger, lust or joy.

     Dr Friederike Range, of the UniversityofVienna’s neurobiology department, has shown that dogs feel intensely jealous when they spot that they are unfairly treated compared with other dogs.

     The dog study is the latest into several species, including cows, horses, cats and sheep, which have shown that animals are far more self－aware than we thought.

     Dr Paul Morris, a psychologist at theUniversityofPortsmouthwho studies animal emotions, told The Sunday Times, “We are learning that dogs, horses, and perhaps many other species are far more emotionally complex than we ever realised. They can suffer simple forms of many emotions we once thought only primates (灵长类) could experience. ”

     In research among dog owners, Dr Morris found almost all of them reported jealous behaviour by their pets. The dog often tried to keep their owner away from a new lover in the early days of a relationship.

     Behavioural experts recommend owners keeping their dogs’ routine as much as possible when a new partner or child comes along in order to prevent jealous activities from the dog such as interruptions with barking.

 

67. It was thought that in the past most animals ________.

    A. are self－aware                                   B. are not self－aware

    C. are intelligent                                       D. are color－blind

68. Dogs are likely to feel ________ when they saw their owners bring home a new pet cat.

    A. depressed          B. impressed         C. delighted           D. excited

69. We can infer that __________.

   A. dogs are of social animals

   B. dogs can be trained as a guide

   C. dogs have a sharp sense of smell

   D. primates are generally more emotional than dogs in the eyes of most people

70．Which of the following is the best title?

   A. Dogs, the favorite pets                    B. Dogs can be jealous

   C. Dogs can be angry                          D. A discovery about animal behaviour

Answer 1

根据科学研究，狗容易产生复杂的情绪，例如嫉妒和骄傲，这就揭示了它们与人类的关系。

【全文翻译】研究发现，狗不喜欢看到主人向其他动物，特别是其他狗提供爱，当主人带回家新伴侣时，它们会产生消极的反应。

此前心理学家认为大多数动物缺乏自我”需要经验，－称继发性情绪如嫉妒感”、尴尬和内疚。这些情绪比与即时反应相关的情绪更为复杂，如愤怒、欲望或欢乐。

Friederike Range博士，维也纳大学的神经生物学系，表明狗感到强烈的嫉妒当他们发现他们受到不公平的待遇与其他狗相比。

狗的研究是最近在一些物种，包括牛、马、猫和羊，这表明动物更意识到自我－比我们想象的。

朴茨茅斯大学动物心理学家保罗莫里斯博士在《星期日时报》上说：“我们正在学习狗、马，也许还有许多其他物种比我们意识到的要复杂得多。他们能够忍受许多的情绪，我们曾以为只有灵长目动物的简单形式（灵长类）可以体验。“

在对狗主人的研究中，Morris博士发现几乎所有的宠物狗都有宠物的嫉妒行为。在一段感情的初期，这只狗经常试图让主人远离一个新情人。

行为专家建议，当一个新的伙伴或孩子出现时，主人尽可能多地养狗，以防止狗的嫉妒活动，例如吠叫。

BADB