阅读理解

  Elderly people respond best to a calm and unhurried environment. This is not always easy to provide as their behaviour call sometimes be irritating(恼人的). If they get excited or upset, then they may become more confused and more difficult to look after. Although sometimes it can be extremely difficult, it is best to be patient and not to get upset yourself. You should always encourage old people to do as much as possible for themselves but be ready to lend a helping hand when necessary. At the same time it is also important that you don't make them feel like children.

  Failing memory makes it very difficult for the person to recall all the basic kinds of information we take for granted. The obvious way to help in this situation is to supply the information that is missing and help them make sense of what is going on. The information has to be constantly repeated to make up for the poor memory. You must use every opportunity to provide information but remember to keep it simple and straightforward(易懂的).

  Confused old people need aids all the time to compensate for their poor memory. Encourage them to use and refer to reminder boards or diaries for important forthcoming events and label the contents of different cupboards and drawers.

1.Elderly people will be most cooperative when _____.

[  ]

A.they are in good health

B.they are encouraged

C.they are taken best care of

D.they are not excited or upset

2.According to the passage, elderly people are difficult to look after for _____.

[  ]

A.their behaviour sometimes easy be irritating

B.you should always encourage them as much as possible

C.they need a environment which is calm and unhurried

D.they don't like to be treated as children

3.One can help memory failing old people by _____.

[  ]

A.providing plain and straightforward information

B.continuously repeating until they remember

C.supplying detailed information

D.making things sensible

4.Visual aids can help elderly people by _____.

[  ]

A.clearing up their confused mind

B.improving their understanding of the basic things in life

C.making up for their poor memory

D.making things easier for them to see

Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.

   In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.

  When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.

  The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).

  The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”

  Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.

1. According to the report,______.

  A. many short sleepers need less sleep by nature

  B. many short sleepers are forced to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy

        with their work

  C. long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day

  D. many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood

2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _____.

  A. sleep is a withdrawal from the reality

  B. sleep interferes with their sound judgment

  C. sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program

  D. sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles

3.It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____.

  A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life

  B. often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep

  C. do not know how to relax properly

  D. are more unlikely to run into mental problems

4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____.

  A. appear disturbed                     B. become energetic

  C. feel dissatisfied                        D. be extremely depressed

 

 

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