题目内容

能源问题是当前的热门话题,传统的能源——煤和石油,一方面储量有限,有朝一日将要被开采完毕,另一方面,使用过程中也带来了污染,寻找新的、无污染的能源是人们努力的方向,利用潮汐发电即是一例.

关于潮汐,古人说:“潮者,据朝来也;汐者,言夕至也.”图10-6-1是利用潮汐发电的示意图.左方为陆地和海湾,中间为大坝;其下有通道,水经通道可带动发电机.涨潮时,水进入海湾,待内外水面高度相同,堵住通道[图10-6-1(甲)],潮退至最低点时放水发电[图10-6-1(乙)];待内外水面高度相同;再堵住通道,直到下次涨潮至最高点,又放水发电[图10-6-1(丙)].设海湾面积为5.0×107 m2,高潮与低潮间高度差3.0 m,则一天内水流的平均功率为_____MW.

图10-6-1

(注:实际上由于各种损失,发电功率仅为水流的平均功率的10%—25%.例如法国兰斯河(the Rance River)潮汐发电站水势能释放平均功率240 MW,而发电功率仅为62 MW)

解析:潮汐发电其实就是将海水的重力势能转化为电能.

    每次涨潮时流进海湾(落潮时流出海湾)的海水的重力为:

    Mg=ρVg=1.0×103×5.0×107×3×10 N=1.5×1012 N

    其重心的高度变化为:h=1.5 m

    一天内海水两进两出,故水流功率为:

    P= W≈1.0×108 W

    即P≈100 MW.

答案:100


练习册系列答案
相关题目

       With his standard Mandarin pronunciation, practiced skills on Chinese expressions and special humor with a Peking accent, Dashan has become a household name across China.

       People have always wondered how the 36-year-old Canadian can be so skillful in the Chinese language even though it is considered by many as one of the most difficult languages in the world. But to Dashan, the great challenge was a piece of cake due to his deep interest, proper method and the excellent environment he created for himself.

       “Interest is the best teacher.” That is a universal principle. Even if he hadn’t fully realized what attracted him to the Chinese department at the University of Toronto in Canada, he was already deeply interested in Chinese culture when he decided to have further study in Beijing.

       Entering the Chinese department of Peking University in 1988, Dashan felt like a duck in water. Study is always a hard job, no matter how much interest you have. Therefore, effective ways are necessary to improvement. “Learn for life and learn in life” is Dashan’s belief.

       As a freshman at the University of Toronto, the student did study the textbooks. They did help him build a solid (扎实的) foundation.

       However, that’s far from enough to grasp the Chinese language. Starting in his junior year, Dashan began to read original Chinese novels, Chinese newspapers and even the Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping. “Only the material for Chinese native readers could give me a proper sense of the language,” he said.

       That the language is the daily means of communication is the principle that Dashan always keeps in his mind. What you have really learned depends on what you can use, not necessarily your mastery of textbooks.

       To learn in daily life requires a favourable language environment, which is also necessary for improvement. Dashan admits it is hard for Chinese English learners to be brought into a good English speaking environment, but he insists, “To listen and speak as much as possible does help.”

 

64. Dashan could learn Chinese very well because of _______.

    A. his interest, method and study environment

    B. practiced skills on Chinese expression

    C. his cleverness

    D. special humour with a Peking accent

65. The sentence “Learn for life and learn in life” here means “_______”.

    A. learn things in our daily life, otherwise it will not last long

    B. we should study in practice all our lives

    C. life is difficult, so we’d better learn more to lead a better life

    D.language is the necessary part of our daily life, so we must practise it frequently

66. The underlined phrase “a piece of cake” here refers  to “_______”.

    A. 吸引人的事情                B. 容易的事情  

    C. 很难的事情                   D. 富有刺激性的事情

67. Dashan read the Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping because _______.

    A. he admired the former leader of the government

    B. he hoped to learn more of the spirits of it

    C. he wanted to give himself a proper sense of the Chinese language

    D. it is very popular in modern times     

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网