Inequality between men and women results in poorer health for children and greater poverty for the family, 50 a new study. The UN agency Unicef found that in places where women are excluded from famil 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Inequality between men and women results in poorer health for children and greater poverty for the family, ___50___ a new study. The UN agency Unicef found that in places where women are excluded from family___51___, children are more___52___to suffer from malnutrition.(营养不良) There would be 13 million ___53___ malnourished children in South Asia if women had an ___54___ say in the family, Unicef said.

Unicef ___55___ family decision-making in 30 countries around the world. Their chief finding is that ___56___ between men and women is vital to___57___ poverty and improving health, especially that of children, in developing countries. The ___58___ are contained in the agency's latest report. This report___59___ to a greater lack of ___60___ for girls and women in education and work which contributes to inferior position and poverty. Where men control the household, less money is spent on health care and food for the family, which ___61___ poorer health for the children.

An increase in ___62___ and income-earning opportunities for women would increase their ___63___ power, the report said. For example, the agency found that ___64___ has the greater share of household income and property decides whether those resources will be used for family needs.

50. A. devoted to	B. according to	C. thanks to	D. with regard to
51. A. decisions	B. agreement	C. circle	D. history
52. A. vital	B. used	C. possible	D. likely
53. A. more	B. few	C. fewer	D. least
54. A. equal	B. right	C. superior	D. smart
55. A. found	B. considered	C. released	D. surveyed
56. A. relationship	B. equality	C. income	D. friendship
57. A. growing	B. urban	C. local	D. reducing
58. A. conclusions	B. reasons	C. keys	D. notes
59. A. points	B. indicates	C. shows	D. suggests
60. A. money	B. care	C. opportunities	D. help
61. A. costs	B. makes	C. cares for	D. results in
62. A. health	B. employment	C. wealth	D. movement
63. A. female	B. strong	C. household	D. social
64. A. whatever	B. whoever	C. whichever	D. however

50―54 BADCA 55―59 DBDAA 60―64 CDBCB

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Most Americans get what money they have from their work; that is, they earn an income from wages or salaries. The richest Americans, however, get most of their money from what they own — their stocks, bonds, real estate, and other forms of property, or wealth. Although there are few accurate statistics to go by, wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands. More than 20 percent of everything that can be privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults. The plain fact is that most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings.

Income in the United States is not as highly concentrated as wealth. In 1917 the richest 10 percent of American families received 26.1 percent of all income, while the poorest 10 percent received 17 percent, mainly from Social Security and other government payments. The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II. Although economic growth has roughly doubled real disposable (可自由使用的) family income (the money left after taxes and adjusted for inflation) over the last generation, the size of the shares given to the rich and the poor is about the same. By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States.

The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of Americans are poor. In 1918, 14 percent of the population was living below the federal government’s poverty line, which at that time was an annual income of $ 9 287 for a nonfarm family of two adults and two children. In other words, about one out of seven Americans over 31 million people was officially considered unable to buy the basic necessities of food, clothes, and shelter. The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11 200 for a family of four. By this relative definition, about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million Americans are poor.

1. What does the majority of the Americans have in terms of wealth?

A. Their income and savings.

B. Everything they own in their homes.

C. Actually, they have no wealth at all.

D. Their house, cars and small amounts of savings.

2. What is the percentage of wealth that is in the hands of most Americans?

A. More than 25%. B. Less than 25%.

C. More than 75%. D. Less than 20%.

3. Why is economic inequality still great in the US in spite of the economic growth?

A. Because the proportion of income received by the rich and the poor remains almost the same as in 1917.

B. Because the economic growth has widened the gap of the family income between the rich and the poor.

C. Because income in the US is still concentrated in the hands of the richest 10% of American families.

D. Because some Americans made great fortunes during the Second World War.

4. What can we learn from comparison of the two poverty lines in the last paragraph?

A. The poverty line of 1918 is more favorable to the poor than that of 1981.

B. The 1981 line didn’t leave much to the poor.

C. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1981 line.

D. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1918 line.

5. From the last two sentences we can see that 1981 government’s poverty line _______.

A. was of no good for the poor B. was not put into operation then

C. was officially approved D. was not helpful to the poor

Across the world , 11 billion people have no access to clean drinking water . More than2.6 bullion people lack basic sanitation (卫生设备) .

The combination proves deadly . Each year . diseases related to inadequate water and sanitation kill between 2 and 3 million people and cause an estimated 80 percent of all sicknesses in the developing world . Safe thinking water is a precondition for health and the fight against child death rate , inequality between men and women, and poverty .

Consider these facts :

●The average distance that women in Africa and Asia walk to collect water is 6 kilometers .

●Only 58 percent of children in sub-Saharan Africa are drinking safe water, and only 37 percent of children in South Asia have access to even a basic toilet .

●Each year in India alone, 73 million working days are lost to water-borne diseases .

Here are three ways you can help :

1) Write Congress

Current U.S. foreign aid for drinking water and sanitation budgets only one dollar per year per American citizen . Few members of Congress have ever received a letter from voters , about clean drinking water abroad .

2) Sponsor a project with a faith-based organization

Many U.S. religious groups already sponsor water and sanitation projects, working with partner organizations abroad . Simply put , a single project by a U.S. organization can make safe water a reality for thousands of people .

3) Support nonprofit water organizations

Numerous U.S.-based nonprofits work skillfully abroad in community-led projects related of drinking water and sanitation . Like the sample of non-profits noted as follows , some organizations are large , others small-scale , some operate worldwide , others are devoted to certain areas in Africa , Asia , or Latin America . Support them generously .

72．The three facts presented in the passage the used to illustrate that .

A．poverty can result in water-borne diseases

B．people have no access to clean drinking water

C．women’s rights are denied in some developing countries .

D．safe drinking water should be a primary concern

73．The intended readers of the passage are _____________.

A．Americans B．overseas sponsors

C．Congressmen D．U.S-based water organizations

74．The main purpose of the passage is to call on people to ___________.

A．get rid of water-related diseases in developing countries

B．donate money to people short of water through religious groups

C．fight against the worldwide water shortage and sanitation problem

D．take joint action in support of some nonprofit water organizations

75．What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph?

A．A variety of companies and their worldwide operation.

B．A list of nonprofit water organizations to make contact with.

C．Some ways to get financial aids from U.S. Congress.

D．A few water resources exploited by some world-famous organizations.

Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge(剧增)of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse(反面)of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to putting off marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy comes to life, the number of marriages also rises.

The increase in divorce rates follows to the increase in women working outside the home. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible(似是而非的). Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. By raising a family’s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial and emotional stability.

Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.

Also, a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.

64．The word “portend” (Line 2, Para.1) is closest in meaning to“_____”.

A．defy B．signal C．suffer from D．result from

65．It is said in the passage that when the economy slides_____.

A．men would choose working women as their marriage partners

B．more women would get married to seek financial security

C．even working women would worry about their marriages

D．more people would prefer to remain single for the time being

66．One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that_____.

A．they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom

B．they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands

C．they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations

D．they tend to suspect their husbands? loyalty to their marriage

67．Which of the following statements can best summarize the authors view in the passage?

A．The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country．

B．Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.

C．In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain

independent

D．The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.

Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime. She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding of black culture in America.
During the 1940’s and the 1950’s, Gwendolyn Brooks used her poems to describe conditions among the poor, racial (种族的) inequality and drug use in the black community. She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women.
But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people. She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience.
Gwendolyn Brooks once said that she wrote about what she saw and heard in the street. She said she found most of her materials through looking out of the window of her second-floor apartment in Chicago, Illinois.
In her early poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago, where many black people live. In her poems, the South Side is called Bronzeville. It was “A Street in Bronzeville” that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945. Critics praised her poetic skills and her powerful descriptions about the black experience during the time. The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.
In 1950, Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature. She won the prize for her second book of poems called “Annie Allen”. “Annie Allen” is a collection of poetry about a Bronzeville girl as a daughter, a wife and a mother. She experiences loneliness, loss, death and poverty (贫穷).
Gwendolyn Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life.
Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called “Maud Martha”. “Maud Martha” attracted little attention when it was first published. But now it is considered an important work by some critics. Its main ideas about the difficult lives of many women are popular among female writers today.
【小题1】Gwendolyn Brooks became world-famous because .

A．she was an expert on the language of poetry

B．she introduced black culture by writing poems

C．she fought for black rights by writing poems

D．her poems showed the lives of black women

【小题2】Which of the following can we learn from the text?

A．Gwendolyn Brooks’ poems focused on black people in Africa.

B．Winning the Pulitzer Prize for Literature was important to Brooks.

C．Gwendolyn Brooks used to suffer a lot from drugs.

D．Gwendolyn Brooks was very strict with herself.

【小题3】How did Gwendolyn Brooks get ideas for most of her poems?

A．By observing life.	B．By having talks.
C．By reading widely.	D．By traveling.

【小题4】We can infer that the book “Annie Allen” mainly deals with .

Women work harder than men at university and get better degrees as a result, according to a study at Brunel University.

?? The research, which followed 200 students for four years, found that women consistently outperformed men in their studies even though they had started their courses with almost identical A-level grades.

?? An analysis of the results showed that while 65 percent of female graduates were awarded, only 35 percent of male graduates did as well. Girls are known to outperform boys at school, but this research showed that trend continued at university.

?? Fiona Smith, who led the research, said, “The research shows that the difference has something to do with schools in general.”

?? “It also shows something about the inequality for working women in terms of pay and promotion. Women work harder at school, harder at university, and do better at both, but they still receive less pay.”

?? The research found that female students were more faithful, less likely to miss lectures, and more likely to believe that their marks reflected their abilities than male students. Female students were also more likely to ask for and receive support from their professors.

?? Women were also more likely to choose their universities because they liked the courses offered.

?? In contrast, men were more likely than women to miss lectures due to “other affairs” and “laziness”, and to believe that playing sports was an important part of university life.

?? Generally, people think that women’s success comes from more emphasis on coursework, but the research showed that female geographers at Brunel did better in their exams than in their coursework.

?? Dr Smith said, “Most women feel that getting good grades is the most important part of university life. They believe that they need to work harder in order to compete in the male-dominated (男性主导的) environment they will encounter at work. Good grades are viewed as an ‘insurance policy’ for success. Men, on the other hand, prefer going out and playing sports to academic work.”

?? “This research shows how important it is to get all young people working hard and teach them the value of higher education,” he said.

1.The research at Brunel University showed that women ________.

A. did worse than men both at school and at university

B. got better grades than men

C. paid little attention to their courses

D. often missed classes

2.Which of the following about men is TRUE according to the passage?

A. They work as hard as women.

B. They spend as much time on courses as women.

C. They play a lot more than women.

D. They consider good grades to be an “insurance policy” for success.

3.We can infer from the results of the research that ________.

A. women do better both at school and at university

B. female students are more likely to ask for and receive support from their professors

C. compared with men, women are in an unfavorable condition in the male-dominated world

D. it’s easier for women to get rises in pay and promotion

4.The main purpose of the research is to _________.

A. give the government some advice on higher education

B. show us some information about higher education

C. show the sex difference in higher education

D. make all students work hard and realize the importance of higher education

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