You’re in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at a sweater. You listen to their conversation:

  “I can’t believe it—a Lorenzo Betrolla! They are almost impossible to find. Isn’t it beautiful?And it’s a lot cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome”.

  They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. It’s nice and the price is right. You’ve never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish. They must know. So,you buy it. You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency. They are actually paid to go from store to store, talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes.

  Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. If the person looks cool,the product seems cool,too. This is the secret of undercover marketing. Companies from Ford to Nike are starting to use it.

  Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that don’t pay attention to traditional advertising. This is particularly true of the MTV generation—consumers between the age of 18 and 34. It is a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend, but they don’t trust ads.

  So advertising agencies hire young actors to “perform” in bars and other places where young adults go. Some people might call this practice misleading, but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative.“Look at traditional advertising. Its effectiveness is decreasing”.

  However,one might ask what exactly is “real” about the young women pretending to be enthusiastic about a sweater. Advertising executives (主管) would say it’s no less real than flu ad. The difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. You don’ t know a conversation you overhear is just a performance.

The two attractive young women were talking so that they could _______.

A. get the sweater at a lower price            B. be heard by people around

C. be admired by other shoppers              D. decide on buying the sweater

Lorenzo Bertolla is _______.

A. a very popular male singer                         B. an advertising agency

C. a clothing company in Rome               D. the brand name of a sweater

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. The two girls are in fact employed by the Lorenzo Bertolla Company.

B. The MTV generation tends to be more easily influenced by ads.

C. Traditional advertising is becoming less effective because it’s too direct.

D. Undercover marketing will surely be banned soon by the government.

Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Two Attractive Shoppers                     B. Lorenzo Bertolla Sweatersk.&s~5*u

C. Ways of Advertising                                 D. Undercover Marketing

Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.

One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine. Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot.

Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.

They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels.

The study appeared in the official scientific journal of the American Academy of Physical Medicine.

The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.

They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.

Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.

Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.

64. How many organizations are involved in the two studies?

A. Three.               B. Four.                C. Five.                 D. Six.

65. Why do running shoes increase the risk of injuries to runners?

A. They create more stress.

B. They’re too big and heavy.

C. They can affect the way the runners run.

D. Their heels can soften landings.      

66. What can we learn from the text?。

A. Most running shoes are designed improperly.

B. The design of high heels is better than that of running shoes.

C. No one will run with running shoes in the future.

D. Both of the studies are done in America.

67. How did the researchers do the two studies?

A. By practising.                                B. By comparing.  

C. By questioning.                                    D. By reasoning.

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