题目内容

Baths and bathing have long been considered of medical importance to man. In Greece there are the ruins of a bathtub and water system built over 3, 000 years ago. The Romans had warm public baths. In some as many as 3, 000 persons could bathe at the same time.

Treating disease by bathing has been popular for centuries. Modern medical bathing or hydrotherapy, first became popular in Europe and by the late 1700’s has also become popular in the United States.

For many years frequent bathing was believed to be bad for one’s health. Ordinary bathing just to keep clean was avoided and perfume(香水)was often used to cover up body smells!

By the 1770’s doctors began to say that soap and water were good for health. They believed that it was good for people to be cleaned. Slowly people began to bathe more frequently. During the Victorian Age of the late 19th century, taking a bath on Saturday night became common.

In the United States ordinary bathing was slow to become popular. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, many Americans were known as “The Great Unwashed!” In one American city, for example, a person could only take a bath every thirty days! That was a law!

Frequency of bathing today is partly a matter of habit. People know that bathing for cleanness is important to health. Doctors know that dirty bodies increase the chance of diseases. Consequently, in the United States, people generally bathe often. Some people bathe once a day at least. They consider a daily bath essential to good health.

1.In Greece ________ .

A. there were some public baths large enough to hold 3, 000 persons.

B. people used to treat disease by bathing

C. people began to bathe thousands of years ago

D. people didn’t like frequent bathing

2.The Americans used to be known as “The Great Unwashed” because ________.

A. the modem medical bathing first became popular in the U. S.

B. they didn’t bath frequently

C. the Americans were very clean.

D. soap was first produced in the U. S.

3.In the 18th century doctors believed that being clean was _______ .

A. unimportant B. good for health

C. harmful D. popular

4.During the Victorian Age,________.

A. the Americans ever took a bath every thirty days

B. frequent bathing was avoided

C. people used perfume to cover up body smells after bathing

D. the British people generally took a bath once a week.

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Parents often think that time spent with their kids will gradually decrease in adolescence. But a new study suggests that while teens try to avoid spending a lot of time together with their parents, private parent-child meetings may actually increase in their early adolescent years. And that may raise a teenager’s self-esteem (自尊) and social confidence, especially if it is the time that spent with Dad, the researchers added. The researchers created a long-term study in which they invited families in 16 school districts in central Pennsylvania to participate. In each family, a teenager, a younger sibling (兄弟姐妹), their mother and their father were interviewed at home and then asked about their activities and self-worth five times over a period of seven years.

The study authors were surprised to discover that when fathers spent more time alone with their teenagers, the kids reported they felt better about themselves. Something about the father’s role in the family seemed to improve self-esteem among the teenagers in the study, said study co-author Susan McHale, a professor of human development at Pennsylvania State University.

“Time with Dad often involves joking, teasing, and other playful interactions. Fathers, compared to mothers, were more involved in leisure activities and had more peer-like interactions with their children, which is crucial for youth social development,” the study showed. But Marta Flaum, a psychologist in Chappaqua, New York, said, “How these findings reflect the real world is a real question. The sample in the study is so small and so unrepresentative of most families in the country today that I’m not sure how much we can generalize from it. In my community in Westchester County, I don’t see parents and teenagers spend much time together at all. Parents are often working so hard and have less time to be together with their kids.”

However, Flaum encourages parents to make time for their kids no matter how much work they have to do. “Research like this reminds us of how important it is. The time we have with them is so short,” she said.

1.According to the study, when teenagers spend more time alone with their fathers, _________.

A. their social skills will be improved

B. their fathers will better understand them

C. they will be willing to help their siblings

D. their family members will spend more time together

2.What is Flaum’ attitude towards the findings of the study?

A. Unconcerned B. Favorable.

C. Doubtful. D. Puzzled.

3.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. The research by Susan McHale.

B. The work to be done.

C. Parents’ encouragement.

D. The time parents spending together with their kids.

4.Where is the passage most likely to be taken from?

A. Science magazine. B. A news report.

C. A research plan. D. An advertisement.

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阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

What do you think of that? One man donated(捐赠) his stem cells (干细胞)to a(n) _______ living on the other side of the world.

A man working as a taxi driver in Shanghai _______ an activity about stem cell donation. Shortly after, he received the ____ that his stem cells had been matched to a boy in England. The receiver is just seven years old. The driver, Jiang Yongfeng, _____ to donate his stem cells at once. “I did not expect it to happen so ____. I was so excited to get a match so soon.” He says. “_____ I learned the boy was only born in 2008, I was silent. And I ____ I made the right decision. I must help him.”

Some people ____ stem cell transplants to treat cancer. They must ______ a donor with nearly the same genes(基因). It means the matched _____ must have the very similar gene. The possibility of the long-distance match between Jiang Yongfeng and the little boy is _____. It sounds like a ____miracle(奇迹). “ The little boy receiving Jiang’s donation is very ____, ” doctors said.

Some donors were ____ to donate stem cells in out-dated ways because of poor health care systems years ago. It was a(n) _____ experience that many people couldn’t stand. ____, Mr. Jiang was able to use a simpler and safer method.

Usually donors and receivers do not meet, nor do they know each other’s _____. Does Jiang Yongfeng mind that he doesn’t even know the little boy’s name? “ No,” he shakes his ____. “ I just want the operation to be done as soon as possible so that they can send my _____ to the UK and help the little kid _____ as soon as possible. I hope he can be brave and strong and that he can live a good life.

1.A. baby B. friend C. stranger D. animal

2.A. took part in B. came up with C. caught up with D. gave in to

3.A. invitation B. survey C. donation D. news

4.A. remembered B. agreed C. needed D. afford

5.A. nervously B. patiently C. secretly D. quickly

6.A. When B. Before C. Though D. Because

7.A. accepted B. realized C. remembered D. forgot

8.A. need B. sell C. change D. provide

9.A. help B. treat C. find D. visit

10.A. team B. group C. pair D. family

11.A. big B. high C. clear D. small

12.A. medical B. chemical C. special D. natural

13.A. brave B. lucky C. healthy D. shy

14.A. offered B. awarded C. required D. planned

15.A. painful B. easy C. practical D. expensive

16.A. Firstly B. Sadly C. Quickly D. Luckily

17.A. name B. address C. hospital D. number

18.A. body B. hands C. head D. eyes

19.A. information B. cells C. money D. letter

20.A. smile B. understand C. learn D. recover

It's rare that you see the words "shyness" and "leader" in the same sentence. After all, the common viewpoint is that those outgoing and sociable guys make great public speakers and excellent networkers and that those shy people are not. A survey conducted by USA Today referred to 65 percent of executives who believed shyness to be a barrier to leadership. Interestingly, the same article stresses that roughly 40 percent of leaders actually are quite shy—they're just better at adapting themselves to situational demands. Bill Gates, Warren Buffet and Charles Schwab are just a few "innies".

Unlike their outgoing counterparts who are more sensitive to rewards and risk-taking, shy people take a cautious approach to chance. Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering, shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak. They're not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking, but rather listening so they can learn what to say. Along the same lines, shy people share a common love of learning. They are intrinsically(内在地) motivated and therefore seek content regardless of achieving an outside standard.

Being shy can also bring other benefits. Remember being in school and hearing the same kids contribute, until shy little Johnny, who almost never said a word, cut in? Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking. This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence:they "own" the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to a positive image.

Shyness is often related to modesty. Not to say that limelight-seekers aren't modest, but shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilities and achievements. As a result, they are able to acknowledge mistakes, imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations.

Since shy people have a lower sensitivity to outside rewards than outgoing ones, they're more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires. Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren't primarily apparent. Don't believe me? Maybe you'll believe Albert Einstein, who once said, "It's not that I'm so smart, it's that I stay with problems longer." Obviously, finding certainty where uncertainty is typically popular is a huge plus for any successful person.

The myth that shy people are less effective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding. Make wise use of your personality strengths to lead your business no matter what side of the range you fall on.

1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ___________.

A. shy people are sensitive to rewards

B. shy people care more about content

C. outgoing people are more careful about chances

D. outgoing people consider what to learn while listening

2.The example of Johnny shows ____________.

A. shy people are likely to be modest

B. hardworking students speak little in public

C. some students keep silent on purpose at school

D. shy people may have an advantage in discussion

3.We can learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 that ____________.

A. success results from devotion

B. shyness contributes to popularity

C. outside reward leads to insistence

D. uncertainty counts more than certainty

4.The author supports his ideas mainly by ____________.

A. giving definitions and presenting research results

B. explaining problems and providing solutions

C. quoting authorities and making evaluations

D. making contrasts and gibing examples

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