题目内容
What do we think with? Only the blain? Hardly. The brain is a telephone exchange. It is the switchboard（电话总机）, but not the whole system. Its function（功能）is to receive incoming signals, make proper connections, and send the messages through to their destination（目的地）. For efficient（有效的）service, the body must function as a whole.
But where is the“mind”? Is it in the brain? Or perhaps in the nervous system. After all, can we say that the mind is in any particular place? It is not a thing, like a leg, or even the brain. It is a function, an activity. Aristotle, twenty-three hundred years ago, observed that the mind was to the body what cutting was to the ax（斧）. When the ax is not in use, there is no cutting. So with the mind.“Mind,” said Charles H. Woolbert,“is what the body is doing.”
If this activity is necessary for thinking, it is also necessary for carrying thought from one person to another. Observe how people go about the business of ordinary conversation. If you have never done this painstakingly, you have a surprise in store, for good conversationalists are almost constantly in motion. Their heads are continually nodding and shaking sometimes so vigorously（有力的）that you wonder how their necks can stand the strain（拉紧）.
Even the legs and feet are active. As for the hands and arms, they are seldom still for more than a few seconds at a time.
These people, remember, are not making speeches. They are merely common folk trying to make others understand what they have in mind. They are not conscious of（意识到）movement. Their speech is not studied. They are just human creatures in a human environment, trying to adapt（适应）themselves to a social situation. Yet they talk, not only with oral language, but with visible actions that involve（包括）practically every muscle in the body.
In short, because people really think all over, a speaker must talk all over if he succeeds in making people think.
(1) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
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(2) Which of the following statements would the author agree with?
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A．Thinking is social phenomenon.
B．Thinking is only a brain function.
C．Thinking is a function of the nervous system.
D．Thinking is the stun total of bodily activity.
(3) In communication, it is necessary not only to employ speech, but also _________.
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A．to speak directly to the other person
B．to employ a variety of bodily movements
C．to be, certain that the other person is listening
D．to pay great attention to the other person's actions
(4) It can be inferred from the passage that the basic function of bodily activity' in speech is to________.
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A．make the listener feel moved
B．make the speaker understood
C．emphasize the speaker's spoken words
D．pass the speaker's implied meaning to the listener
(5) Which of the following is TRUE?
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A．The brain is compared to a telephone exchange.
B．The mind is an activity of the nervous system.
C．Some people remain still while talking to others.
D．Many people move their bodies on purpose while talking.
解析：
Can we turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply emphasize how unhappy they are．
The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by referring to older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better．If you tell your friend that he may be an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults．In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write passages opposing funding for the disabled．When they were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written．
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem（自尊）．The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes．Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell．When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable．”
Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the experiment．In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts．
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy（心理治疗） that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them．In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse．Meditation（静思） techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a large, more realistic perspective（视野）．Call it the power of negative thinking．
1.The Canadian researchers find that _____．
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A．encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good |
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B．there can be no simple cure for psychological problems |
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C．unhappy people cannot think positively |
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D．the power of positive thinking is limited |
2.What does the author mean by “… you’re just underlining his faults”（Line4, Para3）?
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A．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough． |
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B．You are pointing out the mistakes he has made． |
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C．You are emphasizing the fact that he is not clever． |
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D．You are trying to make him feel better about his faults． |
3.What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?
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A．It is important for people to continually improve their self-esteem． |
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B．Thinking positively can bring a positive change to one’s mood． |
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C．People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings． |
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D．Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem． |
4.What do we learn from the last paragraph?
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A．The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person． |
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B．Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy． |
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C．Different people tend to have different ways of thinking． |
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D．People can avoid making mistakes through meditation． |