Question

【题目】School kids have always complained about having tons of homework. A study offers ways to reduce the load (负荷).children are carrying to avoid hurting young shoulders and backs.

Children generally carry about 22 percent of their body weight in backpacks—for a teenager, that can reach more than 30 pounds of books, food, calculators, and other necessities of modern life. When that amount of pressure is placed on one or two narrow shoulder straps (带子), the weight can easily reduce blood flow to kids’ skin and muscles (肌肉).

Even at 10 percent of body weight, the pressures were still high, and that hasn’t been measured before,’’ said Brandon Macias. According to the study, the pressures were measured when the packs were loaded with 10 percent of the students’ body weight, then 20 percent, and finally 30 percent. An unusual finding came to light—even when both straps were used, pressure on the students’ shoulders was uneven (不平均的). It seems like the right shoulder becomes loaded more, which over a period of years may cause back pain.

The research team came up with the following advice based on its study. The backpack should be positioned (放置) high on the back, reducing the stress on the shoulders and back. And backpack straps should be positioned over both shoulders, lowering the amount of weight carried by one shoulder. Wider straps also reduce the pressure on the shoulders. And finally, the weight in backpacks should be reduced.

【1】The study mentioned above was carried out for the purpose of ________.

A. helping kids grow taller

B. improving students’ grades

C. reducing kids’ chances of having back pain

D. helping students with pressure in their studies

【2】Which of the following statements about the students’ backpacks is right?

A. The bag with one shoulder strap is more suitable for students.

B. The weight of the backpack should be 22% of their body weight.

C. The two straps of a bag don’t share the same weight from a bag.

D. Students usually carry a bag about 10 percent of their body weight

【3】The underlined phrase “came to light” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.

A. was changed B. was tested

C. was impossible D. was known

【4】The following are suggested by the research team EXCEPT ________.

A. using wider straps

B. reducing the weight of the school bags

C. positioning the school bags high on the back

D. using more than one bag for kids, school things

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】D

【4】D

【解析】文章主要讲述了学校孩子们抱怨有大量的家庭作业，一项研究提供了减少负载的方法。减轻孩子们肩膀和背部的疼痛。

【1】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了学校孩子们抱怨有大量的家庭作业，一项研究提供了减少负载的方法。减轻孩子们肩膀和背部的疼痛。根据题意，故选C。

【2】细节理解题。根据“even when both straps were used, pressure on the students’ shoulders was uneven (不平均的).” 即使两个肩带都被使用，对学生的肩膀的压力也不均匀。根据题意，故选C。

【3】词义猜测题。根据“even when both straps were used, pressure on the students’ shoulders was uneven (不平均的). It seems like the right shoulder becomes loaded more, which over a period of years may cause back pain.” 即使两个肩带都被使用，对学生的肩膀的压力也不均匀(不平均的)。它似乎是右肩膀变得越来越多，这在一段时间内可能会引起背部疼痛。可知这是研究结果及发现结果。根据题意，故选D。

【4】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The backpack should be positioned (放置) high on the back, reducing the stress on the shoulders and back. And backpack straps should be positioned over both shoulders, lowering the amount of weight carried by one shoulder. Wider straps also reduce the pressure on the shoulders. And finally, the weight in backpacks should be reduced.” 背包应该放在背部很高的位置，减轻肩膀和背部的压力。背包背带应该放在双肩上，降低一个肩上扛的重量。更宽的带子也减少肩膀上的压力。最后，背包中的重量应该减少。根据题意，故选D。

细节理解题是英语阅读理解最重要的一类题型。它的答案往往不是文章中的细节在选项中的简单重复，而是根据文中的细节经过合理的推理或转化得出的。按照答案在原文中出现的位置，细节理解可以分为集中型细节理解题和分散型细节理解题。

（1） 集中型：就文章的单个细节提问，答案在原文中出现的位置一般也位于单句话或几句话中。

（2） 分散型：题目涉及到文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个位置，需要同学们寻找文章中的多个细节。需要注意的是分散型细节理解题并不意味着题目的正确答案出现在文章的不同位置，正确答案往往也是关于文章的某一的句子或细节。本篇阅读的第4题属于细节理解题，它属于集中型的细节理解题，根据文章最后一段“The backpack should be positioned (放置) high on the back, reducing the stress on the shoulders and back. And backpack straps should be positioned over both shoulders, lowering the amount of weight carried by one shoulder. Wider straps also reduce the pressure on the shoulders. And finally, the weight in backpacks should be reduced.” 背包应该放在背部很高的位置，减轻肩膀和背部的压力。背包背带应该放在双肩上，降低一个肩上扛的重量。更宽的带子也减少肩膀上的压力。最后，背包中的重量应该减少。