阅读下列四篇短文.从每小题后所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中.选出最佳选项. According to sociologists, every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification．Class, power and status are important in deciding people' 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　According to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层)．Class, power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society．

　　Class means a person's economic position in society．A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class．While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well．One study shows that 53％ of Americans belong to the lower class, 46％ the middle class, and 1％ the upper class．Interestingly, a surgeon earning ＄500, 000 a year and a bus driver earning ＄50, 000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!

　　Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people．Obviously, people in positions of great power(such as governors)exercise(行使)big power, but people who take orders from others have less power．Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however．For example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相应的)economic class．Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class．

　　To our knowledge, there aren't too many people who aren't millionaires in the U．S．Senate!

　　Status is the honor or respect attached to a person's position in society．It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so．For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others．

(1)

What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2?
[　　]
A．	People earning ＄50, 000 a year belong to the middle class．
B．	Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class．
C．	People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class．
D．	Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class．

(2)

According to the text, we know that ________．
[　　]
A．	power and class do not always correspond with each other
B．	status refers to a person's economic position in society
C．	people with high status have a lot of control over others
D．	class is less important in deciding a person's social rank

(3)

Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
[　　]
A．
B．
C．
D．

答案：1．B;2．A;3．A;
解析：

(1)

　　要点综述：本文体裁为议论文，社会类阅读理解，谈到关于社会等级权利地位的话题。社会学家研究了美国社会阶层中的权利与阶层关系问题。

　　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段话46％the middle class可以直接得出答案为B。

(2)

根据文章第三段话第三行power and class do not always go hand in hand, however可知答案为A。

(3)

篇章结构题。根据对文章整体理解，文章为总分结构，第一段综述，其余三段分述，故选A。

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第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

Ask Dr ? Jeffers

This month Dr. Jeffers is answering questions about the human brain and how it works.

Dear Dr. Jeffers,

One of my colleagues, Felix Moeller, told me that scientists are learning to use computer to ‘read minds’. Is there any truth to this story/

—Jane Leon, New York, USA

Dear Ms. Leon,

Well, a lot of research is being conducted in this area, but so far, the brain scanning equipment and corresponding computer programs haven’t been able to actually read thoughts. In one experiment, test subjects（受试者）were connected to scanning equipment and shown two numbers on a screen. They were then asked to choose between adding or subtracting（减）the two numbers. Using this method, researchers were able to follow brain processes and make the correct assumptions（假设）70 percent of the time. It’s not quite mind reading, but it’s certainly a first step.

—Dr. J.

Dear Dr. Jeffers,

My three-year-old son loves it when I dig my fingers into his sides and tickle （胳肢）him until he laughs uncontrollably. The other day I noticed him trying to tickle himself but he couldn’t do it. Why not?

—Glenn Lewis, Vancouver, Canada

Dear Mr. Lewis,

It’s because of how the brain works. The brain is trained to know what to pay attention to and what to ignore. It causes us to ignore physical feelings we expect to happen, but it causes a mild panic reaction when there is an unexpected feeling. For example, you don’t notice how your shoulder feels while you’re walking down the street. But if someone comes up behind you and touches you lightly on the shoulder, you may jump in fear. It’s that unexpected part that causes the tickle reaction.

—Dr. J.

1.What can we learn from the answer to the first question?

A. Some equipment is able to read human minds.

B. Some progress has been made in mind reading.

C. Test subjects have been used tomake decisions.

D. Computer programs can copy brain processes.

2.People laugh when tickled by others bedause the feeling is _______.

A. unexpected B.expected C. comfortable D. uncomfortable

3.Who has got a little child according to the text?

A. Ms. Leon B. Mr. Lewis C. Mr. Moeller D. Dr. Jeffers

4.According to the text, Jeffers is probably _______.

A. a computer programmer B. a test subject

C. a human brain expert D. a medical doctor

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

Ask Dr ? Jeffers	This month Dr. Jeffers is answering questions about the human brain and how it works.
Dear Dr. Jeffers, One of my colleagues, Felix Moeller, told me that scientists are learning to use computer to ‘read minds’. Is there any truth to this story/ —Jane Leon, New York, USA Dear Ms. Leon, Well, a lot of research is being conducted in this area, but so far, the brain scanning equipment and corresponding computer programs haven’t been able to actually read thoughts. In one experiment, test subjects（受试者）were connected to scanning equipment and shown two numbers on a screen. They were then asked to choose between adding or subtracting（减）the two numbers. Using this method, researchers were able to follow brain processes and make the correct assumptions（假设）70 percent of the time. It’s not quite mind reading, but it’s certainly a first step. —Dr. J.
Dear Dr. Jeffers, My three-year-old son loves it when I dig my fingers into his sides and tickle （胳肢）him until he laughs uncontrollably. The other day I noticed him trying to tickle himself but he couldn’t do it. Why not? —Glenn Lewis, Vancouver, Canada Dear Mr. Lewis, It’s because of how the brain works. The brain is trained to know what to pay attention to and what to ignore. It causes us to ignore physical feelings we expect to happen, but it causes a mild panic reaction when there is an unexpected feeling. For example, you don’t notice how your shoulder feels while you’re walking down the street. But if someone comes up behind you and touches you lightly on the shoulder, you may jump in fear. It’s that unexpected part that causes the tickle reaction. —Dr. J.

1.What can we learn from the answer to the first question?
A. Some equipment is able to read human minds.
B. Some progress has been made in mind reading.
C. Test subjects have been used tomake decisions.
D. Computer programs can copy brain processes.
2.People laugh when tickled by others bedause the feeling is _______.
A. unexpected        B.expected        C. comfortable        D. uncomfortable
3.Who has got a little child according to the text?
A. Ms. Leon          B. Mr. Lewis        C. Mr. Moeller        D. Dr. Jeffers
4.According to the text, Jeffers is probably _______.
A. a computer programmer                B. a test subject
C. a human brain expert                   D. a medical doctor

第三部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的四个选现（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Weighed down（压得喘不过气来） by study? Pushed to the limit by the fast pace of life? Frightened by the possible war? Well, you’re not alone. Men and women in France are seeking relief using the world’s best medicine─laughter.

In the past year, more than 25 laughter clubs have been set up across the country. People of all ages release their stress with an hour of group laughs. “People telephoned me and said they have forgotten what it is to laugh. They want to find a place where they can escape all their problems for a while. So they come,” said 40-year-old Jocelyn Le Moan. She usually takes a class of around 60 people through a series of laughter techniques.

Her pupils range from teenagers to 70 years old, but most are middle-aged white collars seeking 60 minutes of relaxation at the end of a busy day.

Le Moan takes them through the “Lion Laugh” and the “Laugh Contest”, where participants “speak” to each other in different ways. And instead of talking, they break into fits of laughter. At the end there are 15 minutes of “meditation”（沉思）,when they lie on their backs and let the laughs burst out of their mouths.

“I love it. It’s an experience that has changed my life. Through it I rediscovered the child’s laugh inside me,” said Romain Jourffroy, 24.

Like Jourffroy, many laughter club members find themselves changed into children again, and why not? The average preschooler laughs up to 400 times a day. The average adult only a sad seven to fifteen.

The physical benefits of laughter are already well-recognized. Doctors say the act of laughing releases good chemicals into the blood-stream, while the quick breathing that accompanies it helps massage（按摩）the digestive organs and strengthens the heart.

“A full hour is like having your insides go jogging! One finishes out of breath, but feels revitalized (产生新活力). And on top of that, you’ve had a laugh,” said doctor Alexisd Estaing.

And many participants in Paris also emphasize the psychological benefits. They believe that laughter is a way of making oneself feel more confident.

“Maybe it is because we are surrounded by so many troubles that we feel the need to keep laughing,” said Anne Maurigiano, a 29-year-old filmmaker.

1. From the passage, we can conclude the following but __________.

A. Jocelyn Le Moan is a teacher of the club.

B. the members are mostly middle-aged white collars.

C. people always need some way to relax in life.

D. laugh freely and everything goes well.

2. The writer suggested that you should __________.

A. have a good laugh after a busy day

B. talk to each other about what troubles you

C. learn series of laughter techniques

D. take the world’s best medicine

3. Which of the following is NOT included among the benefits of laughing ?

A. It can make people rediscover their children’s laugh.

B. It can release good chemical into blood-stream.

C. It can make you feel self-confident.

D. It can cure the illness of people.

4. What does the phrase “on the top of that ” mean?

A. besides B. on the top of tiredness

C. above all D. on the top of your energy

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

Imagine a classroom missing the one thing that’s long been considered a necessary part to reading and writing ------ paper. No notebooks, no textbooks, no test paper. Nor are there any pencils or pens, which always seem to run out of ink at the critical moment.

A “paperless classroom” is what more and more schools are trying to achieve.

Students don’t do any handwriting in this class. Instead, they use palm size, or specially-designed computers. The teacher downloads texts from Internet libraries and sends them to every student’s personal computer.

Having computers also means that students can use the Web. They can look up information on any subject they’re studying from math to social science.

High school teacher Judy Harrel in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web to learn about the war in Afghanistan (阿富汗) before.

“We could touch every side of the country through different sites from the forest to refugee camps (难民营)”, she said. “Using a book that’s three or four years old is impossible.”

And exams can go online too. At a high school in Tennessee, US, students take tests on their own computers. The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them to his own electronic grade book.

A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher Stephanie Sorrell in Kentucky, US, said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to each student.

“Think about the money and trees we could save with the computer,” she said.

But, with all this technology, there’s always the risk that the machines will break down. So, in case of a power failure or technical problems, paper textbooks are still widely available for these hi-tech students.

46. What does “run out of ink at the critical moment” in the first paragraph mean?

A. Pens may not write well at the critical moment.

B. Pens get lost easily, so you may not find them at the critical moment.

C. Pens may have little or no ink at the critical moment.

D. Pens use ink, while pencils don’t.

47. The high school teacher, Judy Harrell, used the example of her class to show that ______.

A. the Web could take them everywhere

B. the Web taught them a lot

C. the Web is a good tool for information

D. the Web, better than the textbooks, can give the latest and comprehensive (全面的) information

48. The paperless classrooms will benefit ______ most.

A. students B. teachers C. trees D. computers

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）[来源:学#科#网]

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

In learning a foreign language, one should first pay attention to speaking. It is the groundwork of reading and writing. You’d better try your best to speak. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. But be careful not to let them keep you from improving the language. While you are doing this, a good exercise is to write – keep a diary, write notes, letters or articles, then if you can, ask someone to go through what you have written and tell you where is wrong . Many mistakes in your speaking will be easily found when you write. Through correcting the mistakes, you can do better in learning a language.

If you are slow in speaking, don’t worry. One of the helpful ways is by reading, either aloud or to yourself. The important thing is to choose something interesting to read. It can’t be too difficult for you. When you are reading in this way, don’t stop to look up the words if you can guess their meanings or if they have nothing important to do with the sentence. You can do that some other time.

46. From the passage we know the groundwork is ___ while you are learning a foreign language.

A. reading B. writing C. speaking D. listening

47. To improve the language, one has to .

A. pay attention to speaking only

B. try not to make mistakes

C. correct mistakes only

D. keep a diary and write notes, letters or articles

48. When you find some new words in reading, you shouldn’t ___

A. guess their meaning B. go on reading

C. stop to look them up in the dictionary D. keep on reading the important sentence

49. The best title of this passage might be .

A. How to Learn a Foreign Language B. How to Improve Reading

C. How to learn Writing D. More reading, .Less speaking

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