How can we measure animals emotions? A new study of animals emotions suggests that, as in humans, emotions can tell animals about how dangerous their world is, and guide the choices that they make. The article of the study by Bristol Universitys professor Mike Mendl was published online.

An animal living in an environment where it is often threatened by predators(捕食者)will develop a negative emotion or mood, such as anxiety. However, one in an environment with plenty of opportunities to get resources for survival will be in a more positive mood state.

The researchers say that these emotional states not only show the animals experiences, but also help it decide how to make choices, especially in unclear situations. This could have good or bad results. An animal in a negative mood state will make a safety-first with a pessimistic response to an unclear event. For example, it considers a noise in the grass as a signal of the predator. At the same time, an animal in a positive mood state will benefit from a more optimistic response. It considers the noise as a signal of prey(猎物).

Professor Mike Mendl, head of the Animal Welfare and Behavior Research Group at Bristol Universitys School of Clinical Veterinary Science said, We can use optimistic or pessimisticdecision-making as a symbol of an animals emotional state. Recent studies by our group and others suggest that this is a meritorious new approach to studying a variety of animal species.

Public interest in animal welfare remains high, with widespread concern about the way in which animals are treated, used and included in society. To understand how animals should be treated, we need to better understand their emotional lives, Mike Mendl said. The researchers believe Mike Mendls study can help them to better understand and assess an animals emotions.

1.When an animal is in a negative mood state, _______.

A. its response to an unclear event is pessimistic

B. it will pay little attention to an unclear event

C. it is easy for it to make right decisions

D. it has more opportunities to get food

2.The underlined word meritorious in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by _______.

A. valuable?????????? B. useless???????? C. fashionable??????? D. hopeless

3.We can infer from the passage that ________.

A. the animals with positive emotions live longer

B. there is no way to assess an animals emotions

C. few people care about animal welfare nowadays

D. the environment can influence animals emotions

4.Mike Mendl advised people to better understand animals emotions in order to _____.

A. tell people to build more protected areas for animals

B. explain animals should be regarded as peoples friends

C. raise peoples interest in studying animals

D. make people know how to treat animals properly

5.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Different kinds of Animals Emotions

B. Emotions Helps Animals to Make Choice

C. The Living Environment of Wild Animals

D. The Best Way to Measure Animals Emotions

 

Tom arrived at the bus station quite early for Paris bus. The bus for Paris would not leave until five to twelve. He saw a lot of people waiting in the station. Some were standing in line(排队), others were walking around. There was a group of schoolgirls. Their teacher was trying to keep them in line. Tom looked around but there was no place for him to sit.

He walked into the station cafe(咖啡馆). he looked up at the clock there. It was only twenty to twelve. He found a seat and sat down before a large mirror(镜子) on the wall. Just then, Mike, one of Tom’s workmates came in and sat with Tom.

“What time is your bus?” asked Mike.

“There’s plenty of time yet,” answered Tom.

“Well, I’ll get you some more tea then,” said Mike.

They talked while drinking. Then Tom looked at the clock again. “Oh! It’s going backward(倒行)!” he cried. “A few minutes ago it was twenty to twelve and now it’s half past eleven.”

“You’re looking at the clock in the mirror.” said Mike. Tom was so sad(难过). The next bus was not to leave for another hour. Since then Tom has never liked mirrors.

1.、Tom went into the station cafe because           .

A.Mike asked him to have a cup of tea

B.it was quite early and he could find a seat there

C.he didn’t like to stay with the schoolgirls

D.he wanted to have a drink with his workmate there

2.、What time was it in fact when Tom looked at the clock in the mirror?

A.Half past twelve

B.Twenty to twelve

C.Half past eleven

D.Half past one

3.、From the story we know that when we look at a clock in a mirror, we will find    

   .

A.the time is right

B.it’s going slower

C.it’s going backward

D.it’s going faster

4.、Which of the following is true?

A.Tom arrived in Paris on time

B.The next bus would leave in half an hour

C.After that Tom didn’t like clocks any longer

D.Tom looked at the clock in the mirror only once

5.、Which of the following is the title(题目) of the story?

A.The Mirror of the Station

B.Not A Careful Man

C.Missing A Bus

D.The Clock In The Mirror

 

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