They and analyzed carefully, and finally discovered the fault in the machine. 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that ? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say “I wish I could help you but I’m short of money myself”. In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

Professor Jerald Jullion of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a“white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention (意图) of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at the lie from which the liar hopes to profit (获利) or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the changes of people’s behavior in a number of small, clearly unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer (观察者) they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch (发痒).

Another gesture which gives liars away is that the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture along that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

1. According to the passage a“white lie”seems to be a lie ________.

A. that other people believe

B. that other people don’t believe

C. told in order to avoid offending (冒犯) someone

D. told in order to take advantage of someone

2. Research suggests that women ________.

A. are better at telling lies than men do

B. generally lie far more than men

C. often make promises they intend to break

D. lie at parties more often than men do

3. Researchers find that when a person tells lies ________.

A. his blood pressure increases measurably

B. he looks very serious

C. he tends to make some small changes in his behaviors

D. he uses his unconscious mind

4. One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that ________.

A. they wish they were somewhere else

B. the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying

C. they want to cover their mouths

D. they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies

5. Which of the following may best betray (出卖) a liar?

A. The touching of the tip of one’s nose. B. The change of one’s behaviors.

C. “The mouth cover”gesture. 　　　　　　　　　　 D. The situations in which his lies are told.

What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that ? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say “I wish I could help you but I’m short of money myself”. In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

Professor Jerald Jullion of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a“white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention (意图) of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at the lie from which the liar hopes to profit (获利) or gain in some way.

Research has also been done into the changes of people’s behavior in a number of small, clearly unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer (观察者) they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch (发痒).

Another gesture which gives liars away is that the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture along that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

1. According to the passage a“white lie”seems to be a lie ________.

A. that other people believe

B. that other people don’t believe

C. told in order to avoid offending (冒犯) someone

D. told in order to take advantage of someone

2. Research suggests that women ________.

A. are better at telling lies than men do

B. generally lie far more than men

C. often make promises they intend to break

D. lie at parties more often than men do

3. Researchers find that when a person tells lies ________.

A. his blood pressure increases measurably

B. he looks very serious

C. he tends to make some small changes in his behaviors

D. he uses his unconscious mind

4. One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that ________.

A. they wish they were somewhere else

B. the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying

C. they want to cover their mouths

D. they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies

5. Which of the following may best betray (出卖) a liar?

A. The touching of the tip of one’s nose. B. The change of one’s behaviors.

C. “The mouth cover”gesture. 　　　　　　　　　　 D. The situations in which his lies are told.

观察下面几个句子中的close意义和词性的不同

(1)When the bell rang announcing school was over．The students closed the windows and left happily．

(2)Take a close look at the photo; doesn’t it remind you of someone?

(3)My mother and I are much closer than we were when I studied in the senior middle school．

(4)The three people stood so close that they want to have a short discussion which was very secret．

(5)The chairman brought the meeting to a close．

单词拼写。
根据句子所给汉语注释,写出各单词的正确形式（每空只写一词）。

1. To pay for their _______ (购置物), people have to work hard.
2. Everyone's feeling pretty _______ (有希望的) about the future.
3. As they _______ (靠近) the wood, a rabbit ran out of the trees.
4. John could only run a short ________(距离) without getting out of breath.
5. The police have been _______ (观察) his movements.
6. _______ (大体地,大概地) speaking boys are taller than girls.
7. He always ________ (推荐) good books to children.
8. We are looking for someone who is ______ (可靠的) and hard-working.
9. These exercises are _______ (设计) to develop and strengthen muscles.
10. ________(判断) from what you said, he must be an expert.

After living in the United States for quite a long time, I do not think about the cultural differences any more. Last month, my parents came to visit me. Their observations (观察) on the American lifestyle reminded me that cultural differences between living in China and America are actually everywhere.

When my parents came to America, they praised my house. Everyone had his/her own bedroom; there was a front yard, a backyard and a garage; there were many bathrooms – all convenient and comfortable. However, they were not used to the glass doors at the first floor. My mom, from southern China, was worried that someone would break open the glass doors. Though I said that nobody would do that, she was still worried about it.

When I brought them to eat in fast food restaurants, whether it was in McDonald’s or KFC, they saw that refilling drinks was for free. This concept (观念) of free refill was so new to them.

A Chinese friend told me a story. He and his American girlfriend ate at a restaurant. His girlfriend wanted to drink English tea. He was curious, so he tried some and found that it didn’t taste bad with milk and sugar in it. Adding more water to tea is free of course, so he drank more cups. His girlfriend found it embarrassing and explained to him that what he was doing was not exactly fair. If he wanted to drink more tea, he should buy another cup. My friend thought that Americans could take advantage of the free refills, but only a few of them did that. After staying in America for some time, he changed his habit.

51. We can infer that the writer _____.

　 A. doesn’t like American culture

　 B. has got used to her life in America

　 C. received an American education as a child

　 D. thinks American and Chinese cultures are the same

52. What made the writer’s parents worried?

　 A. That someone would break into the house.

　 B. That someone would be hurt by the glass doors.

　 C. That they wouldn’t have a bedroom of their own.

　 D. That they wouldn’t live comfortably in the house.

53. When eating at McDonald’s for the first time in America, the writer’s parents were probably surprised that _____.

　 A. there were so many choices

　 B. the prices for food were so low

　 C. they could refill drinks for free

　 D. they could get extra food for free

54. The American girl mentioned in the last paragraph thought that _____.

　 A. Americans like taking advantage of other people

　 B. her boyfriend wouldn’t like traditional English tea

　 C. drinking too much English tea harmed people’s health

　 D. her boyfriend shouldn’t take advantage of the free refills

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