Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer.But there is one question that has millions of current answers.That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.

       Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

       People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents.Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used.Some parents choose the name of a well-known person.A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.

       Some people give their children names that mean good things.Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.

       The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names.A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook;someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road.The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

       Other early surnames came from people’s occupations.The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals.In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village.Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter — a person who made pots and pans.

       The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village.The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

       Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities.When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray.Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman.John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

       Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name.English-speaking people added–s or–son.The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert.Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O.Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?

       A.Places where people lived.                    B.People’s characters.

       C.Talents that people possessed.                   D.People’s occupations.

According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably ________.

       A.owned or drove a cart                          B.made things with metals

       C.made kitchen tools or containers                D.built houses and furniture

Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ________.

A.Beatrice Smith       B.Leonard Carter        C.George Longstreet   D.Donald Greenwood

The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s ________.

       A.later generations                                 B.friends and relatives

       C.colleagues and partners                            D.later sponsors

  China is the biggest market in the world, and many countries such as Germany, the USA, the UK and Russia do a lot of business in China. Let’s have a look at some important tips to help you be successful when dealing with these nationalities,                                          

    First, you must be punctual(准时的) with Germans. Even 5 minutes late makes a bad impression. Being punctual is also very important in the USA. In the UK, it’s important to be punctual for business meetings, but nobody expects you to be on time for a social event. Half past seven really means a quarter to eight, or even eight o’clock! With Russians, you should always be on time, though it is not unusual for them to be one or even two hours late!

    It is best to dress formally and wear dark colours when you meet people from all the four countries. In Russia, designer clothes are very common.. Don’t be surprised if you go to an office in the UK on a Friday and find everyone wearing jeans. Many companies have "dress down Friday", when people wear casual (随便的) clothes.

    In Germany, first names are only used by family members and close friends, so be prepared to use titles and last names. In the USA you will usually be invited to use first names almost immediately. The British are quite informal and using first names in business is more and more common, especially among younger people. In Russia, however, nobody uses first names, so use titles and last names.

    In conversation, the British and the Americans value humour, and both like to talk about sport. The weather is also a good topic of conversation with the British and the Americans, but avoid talking about politics. In Russia, say positive (积极的)things about their country, but avoid making complaints(抱怨). The Germans, however, prefer to get straight down to business!

   So, use these tips, and you will be on your way to a successful international business career!

Which color should you NOT wear when meeting a person from the USA?

A. Dark blue.      B. Gray.         C. Black.       D. White.

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ________.

    A. you can say something funny when you talk to an American

    B. you can use his first name when you talk to an Englishman     

C. you must be on time when you meet people from each of the four countries

    D. people wear whatever they like on Friday in some companies in the UK

When you talk to a Russian, you can ________.

    A. complain about something  

B. say something negative about his country     

C. say something good about his country 

D. point out some disadvantages in politics

The tips in this passage are probably given to people from ______.

A. China        B. the USA      C. Germany      D. the UK

For a while, my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers.(慢跑者). They were there all the time—early morning, noon, and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. “Come on!” My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. “You'll feel great.”
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. I'm not alone in my opinion.
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet a real pounding (沉重的脚步) running down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about. Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes isn't my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say, “I love being out there with just my thoughts.” Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt.
And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first week: it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn't fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?
I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will. I'm walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I'm getting exercise, and I'm enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape.
【小题1】From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer's neighborhood ________.

A.jogging became very popular
B.many people were encouraged to jog
C.Alex organized an army of joggers
D.jogging provided a chance to get together
【小题2】 The underlined word “them”(Paragraph 3) most probably refers to ________.
A.heart attacksB.Back problems
C.hundreds of peopleD.physical weaknesses
【小题3】 From the author's experience, we can conclude that ________.
A.jogging can help people keep fit
B.many physical problems result from jogging
C.not everyone enjoys jogging
D.jogging makes people feel great

Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.
Martin Doherty, a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland, led the team of scientists. In this experiment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(观察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.
The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time.
Next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. Here’s where the trick lies in. In some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles — making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles — so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle.
When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren’t fooled — they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time.
As children get older, Doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle. As a result, they’re more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.
【小题1】Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate       .

A.children’s and adults’ eye-sight
B.people’s ability to see accurately
C.children’s and adults’ brains
D.the influence of people’s age
【小题2】When asked to find the larger circle,       .
A.children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones around
B.only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones around
C.children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones around
D.adults got it right most of the time with gray ones around
【小题3】According to the passage, we can know that       .
A.a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white background
B.an orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same size
C.a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size
D.a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size
【小题4】Visual context may work when children get older than       .
A.4B.6C.10D.18
【小题5】Why are younger children not fooled?
A.Because they are smarter than older children and adults.
B.Because older people are influenced by their experience.
C.Because people’s eyes become weaker as they grow older.
D.Because their brain can hardly notice related things together.

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