Question

【题目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Today, the events 【1】 in realistic-looking or-sounding video and audio recordings need never have happened. They can instead be 【2】 automatically, by powerful computers and machine-learning software. The catch-all term for these computational productions is “deepfakes”.

The term first appeared on Reddit, a messaging board, as the username for an account which was producing 【3】 videos. An entire community 【4】 up around the creation of these videos, writing software tools that let anyone automatically 【5】 one person’s face onto the body of another. Reddit shut the community down, but the technology was out there. Soon it was being applied to political 【6】 and actors.

Tools for editing media 【7】 have existed for decades—think Photoshop. The power and peril of deepfakes is that they make fakery cheaper than ever before. Before deepfakes, a powerful computer and a good chunk of a university degree were needed to produce a realistic fake video of someone. Now some photos and an Internet connection are all that is required.

The consequences of cheap, widespread fakery are likely to be 【8】, albeit slow to unfold. Plenty worry about the possible impact that believable, fake footage of politicians might have on civil society—from a further loss of trust in media to the 【9】 for electoral distortions. These technologies could also be deployed against softer targets: it might be used, for instance, to bully classmates by creating imagery of them in embarrassing situations. In a world that was already saturated with 【10】 imagery, deepfakes make it plausible to push that even further.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】G

【2】J

【3】D

【4】F

【5】H

【6】C

【7】E

【8】K

【9】B

【10】I

【解析】

这一篇说明文。今天，那些看起来真实、听起来真实的视频和音频记录所记录的事件根本不需要发生。它们可以由强大的计算机和机器学习软件自动生成。这些计算结果的通称是“深度伪造”。文章介绍了“深度伪造”这一现象及可能产生的深远影响。

【1】考查动词。句意：今天，那些看起来真实、听起来真实的视频和音频记录所记录的事件根本不需要发生。根据句意可知，此处指视频和音频录制的事件。G. captured“拍摄，录制”。故G选项正确。

【2】考查动词。句意：它们可以由强大的计算机和机器学习软件自动生成。根据句意可知，此处指自动生成。J. generated“使形成；发生”。故J选项正确。

【3】考查形容词。句意：这个词最早出现在社交新闻网站Reddit上，是一个制作假视频的账户的用户名。根据上文The catch-all term for these computational productions is “deepfakes”.可知，此处指假视频。D. fake“假的”。故D选项正确。

【4】考查动词。句意：整个社区都围绕着这些视频的创作而兴起。spring up“出现，涌现”，sprang是spring的过去式。F. sprang“涌出；跃出”。故F选项正确。

【5】考查动词。句意：他们编写软件工具，让任何人都可以自动地将一个人的脸粘贴到另一个人的身上。根据语境可知，此处指用软件工具将一个人的脸粘贴到另一个人的身上。H. paste“粘贴”。故H选项正确。

【6】考查名词。句意：很快，它就被应用到政治人物和演员身上。根据空前political及空后and actors可知，此处指政治人物。C. figures“人物”。故C选项正确。

【7】考查副词。句意：手工编辑媒体的工具已经存在了几十年，比如Photoshop。列举Photoshop这一款编辑数字照片或图像的软件工具，由此可知，此处指手工编辑媒体的工具，设空处修饰editing，使用副词形式。E. manually“手动地；用手”。故E选项正确。

【8】考查形容词。句意：廉价、普遍的造假行为的后果可能是深远的，尽管要慢慢显现出来。根据下文Plenty worry about the possible impact可知，此处指廉价、普遍的造假行为的后果可能是深远的。K. profound“深厚的；意义深远的”。故K选项正确。

【9】考查名词。句意：许多人担心政客的虚假镜头可能会对公民社会产生影响——从对媒体的信任进一步丧失到选举扭曲的可能性。根据句意可知，此处指选举扭曲的可能性。B. potential“潜能，可能性”。故B选项正确。

【10】考查形容词。句意：在一个已经充斥着极端画面的世界里，深度造假似乎更有可能推动这一趋势。根据上文These technologies could also be deployed against softer targets: it might be used, for instance, to bully classmates by creating imagery of them in embarrassing situations.可知，此处指极端画面。I. extreme“极端的”。故I选项正确。