题目内容

 

 He is modest and confident, _______ in my opinion, is most important in society.

         A. how      B. that      C. what    D. which

 

【答案】

D

【解析】

 

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　　Attitude is an internal(内在的)state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual(个人)．Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states．Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual．

　　The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes．Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one's husband or wife to express his or her own ideas－all are influenced by attitudes．These internal states are acquired(获得)throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school．

　　Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation．An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight．A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice, But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude．

　　Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways．They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake．They can result from the individual's experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them, And frequently, they are learned by copying other people's behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents．Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification(修正)of attitudes．

(1)

The word “state”(in Line 1)has the similar meaning to ________．

[　　]

A．

a mental or emotional condition．

B．

a condition of being in a stage or form．

C．

social position or rank．

D．

a specific mode of government．

(2)

According to the passage, attitudes ________．

[　　]

A．

come from different situations in one's life

B．

are largely affected by one's behavior

C．

remain unchanged in one's daily life

D．

could be chosen according to one's will

(3)

The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show

[　　]

A．

people often make mistakes when they are not noticed

B．

people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds

C．

particulars of a situation may influence an individual's action

D．

an individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

(4)

Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?

[　　]

A．

Attitudes are only learned through one's success．

B．

Attitudes learned in danger will last longer．

C．

Copying others behavior is not a good idea．

D．

Attitudes can be learned from one's parents．

(5)

What would be the best title for the passage?

[　　]

A．

Differences of Attitudes．

B．

Nature of Attitude．

C．

Choices of Attitudes．

D．

Modification of Attitude．

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
首先请阅读下列人们在工作和生活中出现的一些身体不适症状：
A. How much sleep you need
Sleep cycles & stages, lack of sleep.
Getting the hours you need to sleep consist of a series of distinct cycles and stages that restore and refresh your body and mind.
Even minimal sleep loss takes a toll on your mood, energy, efficiency and ability to handle stress.
B. Panic attacks and panic disorder
A panic attack is a sudden surge of overwhelming anxiety and fear. Left untreated, panic attacks can lead to panic disorder and other problems. They may even cause you to withdraw from normal activities. But panic is treatable and the sooner you seek helps, the better.
C. How to stop worrying
Continuous doubts and fears are paralyzing, not motivating or productive. Worrying can be, when it spurs you to take action, helpful to solve a problem. You need self-help strategies for anxiety relief.
D. Generalizes anxiety disorder
Everyone gets worried sometimes, but if you have a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), worries and fears are so constant that they interfere with your ability to function and relax..
E. What you need to know about anti-anxiety drugs
Under guidance from a health professional, medication can relieve some of the symptoms of anxiety, but it requires non-drug treatments to produce lasting changes and continuing relief from anxiety. Medication doesn’t cure the underlying problem and is usually not a long-term solution. Anxiety medications also come with side effects and safety concerns, including the risk of addiction..
F. Understanding stress
Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isn’t always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But when you’re constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price.
以下是相关人物介绍， 请把人物与其要求对的身体不适症状匹配起来。
46．Jane seldom goes out. Her heart may pound violently and she may stop breathing. She may feel dizzy and sick to her stomach. She may even feel like she’s dying or going crazy. That may even cause her to withdraw from normal activities. With the help of her doctor, she can reduce or eliminate the symptoms of panic and regain control of her life.
47. Thomson is a middle-aged architect.  He used to be quick-minded and could come up with good ideas in group meetings. But recently, he finds it difficult to have a good design and he has much more hesitation before taking action, which worried him a lot. After lots of thinking, Thomson decides to try solving his problem himself first.
48. James is a 100% workaholic. As the boss of a small firm competing with other big companies, James feels that he’d better work 24/7 or he may never succeed, or even worse, fail. So he and his employers often work overtime. But lately, James finds himself not as efficient as before and even dozes off during the day. He is always tired and sleepy. Worse still, he is under a lot of stress.
49．Linda is a single working mum who is showing symptoms of anxiety. She is talking to her doctor and she is weighing the benefits of taking drugs against its drawbacks. Her doctor insists that other therapies and lifestyle changes may help her. So she must make a careful decision whether to take drugs or change her lifestyle.
50. Sandy is a journalist of a fashion magazine, who has to spend a lot of time looking for interesting news and stories every day. She has to present high-quality articles before deadlines and her boss, the chief editor, is quite demanding and harsh on her. She used to think that stress urged her to work more productively but now it seems more than she can take.

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。

首先请阅读下列人们在工作和生活中出现的一些身体不适症状：

A. How much sleep you need

Sleep cycles & stages, lack of sleep.

Getting the hours you need to sleep consist of a series of distinct cycles and stages that restore and refresh your body and mind.

Even minimal sleep loss takes a toll on your mood, energy, efficiency and ability to handle stress.

B. Panic attacks and panic disorder

A panic attack is a sudden surge of overwhelming anxiety and fear. Left untreated, panic attacks can lead to panic disorder and other problems. They may even cause you to withdraw from normal activities. But panic is treatable and the sooner you seek helps, the better.

C. How to stop worrying

Continuous doubts and fears are paralyzing, not motivating or productive. Worrying can be, when it spurs you to take action, helpful to solve a problem. You need self-help strategies for anxiety relief.

D. Generalizes anxiety disorder

Everyone gets worried sometimes, but if you have a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), worries and fears are so constant that they interfere with your ability to function and relax..

E. What you need to know about anti-anxiety drugs

Under guidance from a health professional, medication can relieve some of the symptoms of anxiety, but it requires non-drug treatments to produce lasting changes and continuing relief from anxiety. Medication doesn’t cure the underlying problem and is usually not a long-term solution. Anxiety medications also come with side effects and safety concerns, including the risk of addiction..

F. Understanding stress

Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isn’t always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But when you’re constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price.

以下是相关人物介绍， 请把人物与其要求对的身体不适症状匹配起来。

46．Jane seldom goes out. Her heart may pound violently and she may stop breathing. She may feel dizzy and sick to her stomach. She may even feel like she’s dying or going crazy. That may even cause her to withdraw from normal activities. With the help of her doctor, she can reduce or eliminate the symptoms of panic and regain control of her life.

47. Thomson is a middle-aged architect.  He used to be quick-minded and could come up with good ideas in group meetings. But recently, he finds it difficult to have a good design and he has much more hesitation before taking action, which worried him a lot. After lots of thinking, Thomson decides to try solving his problem himself first.

48. James is a 100% workaholic. As the boss of a small firm competing with other big companies, James feels that he’d better work 24/7 or he may never succeed, or even worse, fail. So he and his employers often work overtime. But lately, James finds himself not as efficient as before and even dozes off during the day. He is always tired and sleepy. Worse still, he is under a lot of stress.

49．Linda is a single working mum who is showing symptoms of anxiety. She is talking to her doctor and she is weighing the benefits of taking drugs against its drawbacks. Her doctor insists that other therapies and lifestyle changes may help her. So she must make a careful decision whether to take drugs or change her lifestyle.

50. Sandy is a journalist of a fashion magazine, who has to spend a lot of time looking for interesting news and stories every day. She has to present high-quality articles before deadlines and her boss, the chief editor, is quite demanding and harsh on her. She used to think that stress urged her to work more productively but now it seems more than she can take.

 

Attitude is an internal state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

    The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas－all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired throughout life from situations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.

Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. A child who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice. But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.

     Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden movement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them. And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regardless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modification（修正）of attitudes.

 

 

1．The word “state” (in Line 1) has the similar meaning to___________.

  A．a mental or emotional condition.　　　　　　 B．a condition of being in a stage or form.

　 C．social position or rank．　 D．a specific mode of government.

2．According to the passage, attitudes ?????????__________.

　 A．come from different situations in one’s life

　 B．are largely affected by one’s behavior

　 C．remain unchanged in one’s daily life

　 D．could be chosen according to one’s will

3．The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show______.

　 A．people often make mistakes when they are not noticed

　 B．people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds

　 C．particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action

　 D．an individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

4．Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?

　 A．Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.

　 B．Attitudes learned in danger will last longer.

　 C．Copying others behavior is not a good idea.

　 D．Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.

5．What would be the best title for the passage?

　 A．Differences of Attitudes.　　 B．Nature(性质) of Attitude.

　 C．Choices of Attitudes.　　　　 D．Modification of Attitude.

 

    I appreciate how biking to work allows me to be outside for at least a small part of my day. I’m a senior program director. If I didn’t bike to work, I’d spend my weekdays almost entirely indoors—underground tunnel. On the bike, I get trees, air and a great way to get to know city neighborhoods. Of course, I also get bad weather and city traffic. But it’s worth the trade-off. The weather’s not often bad, and rain and snow have their charms.

    I’ve been cycling to work since the late 1990s. I started when the city was doing some construction in the subways and rerouting passengers, which would have lengthened my trip considerably. I tried riding my sister- in- law’s bike to work one day and liked it, so I bought my own. Even though I hadn’t biked since I was a child, I got back into it right away.

  I bike during all four seasons. In summer, I wear shorts and a T- shirt and carry a messenger bag over my shoulder for my lunch and anything else I need. Once at the office, I change into business- casual clothes. In winter, I wear layers and a thin hat under my helmet. A cold winter day can be the best time to be on a bicycle. When the air is clear, free of oppressive summer haze, the city can look beautiful.

  Biking to work also comes in handy during the workday itself. I have a rack (网架) on the back of my bike that accommodates panniers that allow me to pick up groceries. During work hours, a colleague will occasionally need to send or retrieve documents by messenger. If I have the time, I volunteer. Pedaling 30 blocks and back is a nice way to take a break from work—and to save the office a few bucks on messenger fees.

  I’m sure that some people thinking my mode of transportation might be afraid of Midtown traffic. I’m no hero; I don’t want to get hurt riding to work. It just takes time getting used to it. There’s a risk, but all travel has risks. They’re worth it to me.

 60. Which is the reason for the author cycling to work?

   A. To save money                   B. To lose weight

   C. To smell the roses outside         D. To protect the environment

 61. What made the author began to ride a bike to work?

   A. The author bought his own bike.

   B. His sister- in- law lent him a bike.

   C. There were few bikes on the street then.

   D. The subway construction in the city was under way.

 62. The underlined phrase “come in handy” most probably means ______ ?

   A. useful       B. available      C. valuable     D. economical

 63. In the last paragraph, the author implies that _______.

  A. He is not a hero.                 B. He will go on cycling to work.

  C. All travel has risks.               D. He is afraid of Midtown traffic.

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