题目内容
Culture means any human behavior that is learned by human society. All of the meaningful parts of a culture are passed on to different generations through “tradition” or social leaning. From this viewpoint, all human groups have a culture. Culture exists in agricultural as well as industrialized societies.
Culture is necessary for the survival and existence of human beings as human beings. Practically everything humans know, think, value, feel and do is learned through taking part in a social cultural system. This statement is well supported by some well-written cases. Here’s one of the cases of children growing up apart from human society. In the province of Midnapore in India, the director of a children’s home was told by the local villagers that there were “ghosts(鬼)” in the forest. Upon looking into the cases, the director found that two children, one about eight years old and the other about six years old, appeared to have been living with a group of wolves in the forest. These children were the ghosts described by the local people. In this diary, the director describes his first view of Kamala(as the older child named) and Amana(the name of the younger child).
Kamala was a terrible being, the head, a big ball of something coving the shoulder. Close at its heels there came another terrible creature exactly like the first but smaller in size. Their eyes were bright and sharp, unlike human eyes. They were very fond of raw milk and raw meat. Generally, as they got stronger, they began going on all fours, and afterwards began to run on all fours, just like squirrels.
Children learn human languages in the same way they learn other kinds of human behavior – by taking part in a cultural community. They learn a certain human language as well as certain kinds of human behavior through their membership in certain cultural community.
41.From the passage we can learn that_____.
A. Human beings can only develop human abilities if they are raised by their biological parents.
B.Amana and Kamala were raised in a forest by ghosts.
C.Human beings won’t grow up human unless they were raised by human in human society.
D.Culture refers only to the high art and classical music of a particular society
42.The “ghosts” in the Midnapore forest seen by the local villagers were_____.
A.two children, Amana and Kamala, who run on fours
B.two squirrels, Amana and Kamala, who run on fours
C.two young wolves, Amana and Kamala, whose eyes were bright and sharp
D.two children, Amana and Kamala, who were growing up in a children’s home
43.The underlined sentence “they began going on all fours” means_____.
A.they began to continue with all their four eyes
B.they started walking with their four feet
C.they began walking with their hands and feet
D.they started walking with their four hands
44.What would be the best title for this passage ?
A. A. Wolf-children B. Culture and human behavior
C. A director’s diary D. Culture and language learning
45.Which of the following is TRUR according to the passage ?
A.The two children’s parents were killed by the wolves
B.The two children liked cooked meat
C.Culture only exists in modern society
D.Human languages are a kind of culture
CACBD
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NOBLE SMUGGLERLast Sunday I made a visit to some new neighbors down the block. No specific purpose in mind, just an opportunity to sit at the kitchen table, have some tea and chat. As I did so, it occurred to me how rare the Sunday visit has become.
When I was a kid in the New Jersey of the 1960s, Sunday visits were routine. Most stores were closed, almost nobody worked, and the highways, as a result, were not the desperate steeplechases（障碍赛跑） they have become today. My family normally traveled eight city blocks to the home of my grandmother—the same house my father was raised in, where adults would sit on the front porch and chat while we children played hide-and-seek.
The Sunday visit was something to desire strongly. It was the repetition to church, our reward for an hour of devotion, an opportunity to take advantage of the fact that Dad was not at work, we were not in school, and there were no chores that couldn’t wait until Monday. Sunday was, indeed, different from all the other days of the week, because everyone seemed to be on the same schedule, which means that there was one day when everyone seemed to have time for everybody else.
Sunday as a day of rest is, or was, so deeply rooted in the culture that it’s surprising to consider that, in a short span of time, it has almost entirely lost this association. In my childhood, it was assumed that everyone would either be home or visiting someone else’s home on Sunday.
But now the question is, “What do you plan to DO this Sunday?” The answer can range from going to the mall to participating in a road race to jetting to Montreal for lunch. If one were to respond, “I’m making a Sunday visit to family,” such an answer would feel sepia-toned, an echo from another era.
I suppose I should be grateful to live in Maine, a state of small towns, abundant land and tight relationships. Even though folks work as hard here as they do anywhere else, the state’s powerfully rural cast（特质）still harbors at least remnants of the ethic of yesterday’s America, where people had to depend on one another in the face of economic vagaries（反复无常的情况）and a challenging environment.
【小题1】The writer’s general impression of the Sunday in the past was a day when _______.
| A．everyone was paying a visit to some relative far away |
| B．everyone seemed to be free and could have some leisure |
| C．Dad was not at work while Mom was busy cleaning the house |
| D．nearly every adult would go to church and children were not at school |
| A．people nowadays prefer staying at home on Sunday |
| B．such answers are rarely heard in our modern society |
| C．people in the city dislike being disturbed on Sunday |
| D．visiting someone on Sunday might take a lot of time |
| A．people in Maine suffer more from economic depression and the changed environment |
| B．people in Maine has abandoned their tradition and lived an absolute new life |
| C．land in Maine is short, thus the relationship between people is tense |
| D．people in Maine always help each other when they are in need |
| A．Unsatisfied. | B．Anxious. | C．Treasured. | D．Teased. |
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空一词。
Most people who travel from China to the US find that，despite having studied English for years，they have to “re—learn” it upon arriving．
Words that we learned in English classes are not pronounced the same way here．To truly be part of the “melting pot”，fluency（流利）in English is not enough．You need an accent to stand out．
When I first came to the US for graduate school，1 was a nervous foreigner．I felt so out of place that I wanted to hide everything about me that was “different”．To talk like an American became one of my goals．
During my first term as a teaching assistant(TA)，my students complained（抱怨） they could not understand me．I learned later from a study that this complaint was common among US students with an international TA．It is called the “Oh, no!” syndrome (情绪、举动)：“Oh，no! Not another international TA，and not that accent again!’’
So I imitated（模仿）the way native speakers talk and，over time，I made such good progress that American friends started to praise my English as having “almost no accent’’．I took this as a sign of my success．Ever since．people have often mistaken me for someone from many places：the Midwest，the West Coast，China，Japan，South Korea．Most frequently，people think I am from California．
Suddenly，conformity (一致) was no longer a praise：If I talk like an American，am I still Chinese? If I lose my Chinese accent，do I also lose my cultural identity? Am I denying（否认）my past by being absorbed into（沉浸于）a new culture?
Now I realize that a person’s accent is a permanent（永久的）record of their past cultural experience and it is a mark of one’s experience and exposure to different cultures．
As a fourth-year student in the US，I am no longer a nervous foreigner．My nervousness has been replaced by a desire to hold on to my cultural origins．Now I consciously（有意识地）add some Chinese “accent” when I speak．I do not wish to speak “perfect” English because I am proud of who I am．
| My Feeling of Speaking English in America | |
| Time | Supporting details |
| At the (71) ______ | I have to relearn English (72) ______ arriving there, for my pronunciations of words are (73) ______ from native speakers. |
| My students complained that I couldn’t make myself (74)______. | |
| During my stay | I made great (75) ______ in spoken English by imitating the (76) ______ native speakers talk. |
| People often (77) ______ me for someone from the Midwest，the West Coast，China， California and so on． | |
| Now | I think it necessary to keep my (78) ______ origins. |
| I often add some Chinese “accent” consciously when (79) ______ English because I am (80) ______ of being a Chinese. | |