阅读理解。

Today, roller skating is easy and fun. But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin’s work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams. People called him a dreamer.

One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.

Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.

On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was greatly surprised to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time!

1.The text is mainly about __________.

A. a strange man

B. an unusual party

C. how roller skating began

D. how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century

2.People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he __________.

A. was full of imagination

B. was a gifted musician

C. invented the roller skates

D. often gave others surprises

3.Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to __________.

A. show his skill in walking on wheels

B. arrive at the party sooner

C. test his invention

D. impress the party guests

完形填空

请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

Human growth is a process of experimentation,trial,and error eventually leading to wisdom.Each time you choose to trust yourself and take action,you can never quite be certain how the situation will ____.

Sometimes you are victorious,and sometimes you become disappointed.The ____ experiments,however,are no less valuable than the experiments that finally prove successful; in fact,you ____ learn more from your “failures” than you do from your ____.If you have made what you think to be a mistake or failed to live up to your own ____, you will most likely put up a barrier between your essence and the part of you that is the alleged (声称的) wrong?doer.

However,viewing past actions as ____ implies guilt and blame,and it is not possible to learn anything meaning while you are engaged in blaming.___, forgiveness is required when you are severely judging yourself.Forgiveness is the act of erasing an ___ debt.There are four kinds of forgiveness.

The first is beginner forgiveness for yourself.

The second of forgiveness is beginner forgiveness for another.

The third kind of forgiveness is ____ forgiveness of yourself.This is for serious misbehaviors,the ones you carry with deep ____.When you do something that violates your own values and principles,you create a gap between your standards and your actual ____.

In such a case,you need to work very hard at ____ yourself for these deeds so that you can close this gap.This does not ____ that you should rush to forgive yourself or shouldn't feel regret,___ taking pleasure in these feelings for a prolonged period of time is not healthy.

The __ and perhaps most difficult one is the advanced forgiveness of another.

At some time of our life,you may have been severely wronged or hurt by another person to such a degree that forgiveness seems ____.

However,harboring anger and revenge fantasies only keeps you ____ in victimhood.Under such a circumstance,you should force yourself to see the bigger picture.By so doing,you will be able to ____ the focus away from the anger and resentment.

It is only through forgiveness that you can erase wrongdoing and ____ the memory.When you can release the situation,you may come to see it as a necessary part of your growth.

1.A.turn out B.turn up C.break up D.break out

2.A.important B.engaged C.failed D.successful

3.A.obviously B.necessarily C.continuously D.usually

4.A.success B.failure C.fault D.benefit

5.A.ability B.expectations C.belief D.experiences

6.A.mistakes B.victories C.experiments D.fantasies

7.A.Still B.Therefore C.Instead D.However

8.A.absurd B.original C.emotional D.unusual

9.A.ordinary B.advanced C.alternative D.certain

10.A.wisdom B.mercy C.injury D.shame

11.A.thought B.approach C.behavior D.purpose

12.A.punishing B.forgiving C.blaming D.praising

13.A.mean B.prove C.reflect D.represent

14.A.and B.or C.but D.so

15.A.uncertain B.premier C.next D.last

16.A.essential B.valuable C.impossible D.unavoidable

17.A.trapped B.located C.lost D.occupied

18.A.drive B.drag C.put D.shift

19.A.keep B.refresh C.weaken D.clean

20.A.naturally B.finally C.definitely D.initially

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.

Different cultures have different ways of people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another trend is off-site or management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.

1.A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike

2.A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme

3.A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise

4.A. outside B. inside C. below D. above

5.A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging

6.A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply

7.A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression

8.A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male

9.A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing

10.A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating

11.A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared

12.A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally

13.A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure

14.A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene

15.A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness

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