Mothers love children, which is a(n) fact in spite of cultural differences. A. artificial B. foolish C. universal D. amazing 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

Mothers love children, which is a(n) _______fact in spite of cultural differences.

A. artificial B. foolish C. universal D. amazing

【答案】

【解析】

试题分析：句意：母亲爱孩子，尽管文化不同，但这是一个普遍的事实。Artificial人造的；foolish愚蠢的；universal普遍的；amazing令人惊异的，选C。

考点：考查词义辨析

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　　The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby．Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother．During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk．After a week or m, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother"－the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代树)．

　　During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby．The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes－one covered with cloth 4nd one made of bare wire．If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother．However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their fuvorites．Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the mw comfortable cloth mother．

　　Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接級)comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is．Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can．Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body．Wire doesn't “rub" as well as does soft cloth．Prolonged(长时间的)“contact comfort" with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is cither warmth or milk．

　　According to the Harlows, the basic quality of baby's love for its mother is trust．If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no nutter how interesting they might be．It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball．If its cloth mother it now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushed to it and holds onto it for dear life．After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure．it then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well．Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother．”

(1)

Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
[　　]
A．	Warmth．
B．	Milk．
C．	Contact．
D．	Trust．

(2)

After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ________．
[　　]
A．	larger in size
B．	closer lo them
C．	less frightening and less disturbing
D．	more comfortable to rub against

(3)

Whal docs the baby monlcry probably gain from prolonged Mcontact comfort"?
[　　]
A．	Altenlion．
B．	Softness．
C．	Confidence．
D．	Interest．

(4)

It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels sccure, ________．
[　　]
A．	it frequently niftheft back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B．	it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C．	il is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D．	it cares less alxnii whether itA mother is still around

(5)

Hie main purpose of ihc passage is to ________．
[　　]
A．	give the reasons for(he experiment
B．	present the findings of the experiment
C．	introduce the method of the experiment
D．	describe the process of the experiment

The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or m, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother" 一 the real mother or the mother-substitute (母亲替代树).

During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes 一 one covered with cloth 4nd one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their fuvorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the mw comfortable cloth mother.

Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact (接級) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn't “rub" as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort" with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is cither warmth or milk.

According to the Harlows, the basic quality of baby’s love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no nutter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother it now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushed to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. it then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother.”

50. Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?

A. Warmth. B. Milk. C. Contact. D. Trust.

51. After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ______.

A. larger in size B. closer lo them

C. less frightening and less disturbing D. more comfortable to rub against

52. Whal docs the baby monlcry probably gain from prolonged Mcontact comfort"?

A. Altenlion. B. Softness.

C. Confidence. D. Interest.

53. It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels sccure, ______.

A. it frequently niftheft back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys

B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards

C. il is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting

D. it cares less alxnii whether itA mother is still around

54. Hie main purpose of ihc passage is to ______.

A. give the reasons for (he experiment

B. present the findings of the experiment

C. introduce the method of the experiment

D. describe the process of the experiment

阅读表达。阅读下面短文，请根据短文后的要求进行答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

     [l]The harmful effects on children were summed up last year in a report by the National Research Council
and Institute of Medicine. Problems begin early, as the infants of depressed mothers cry more than other babies.
They have greater fear of strangers and less tolerance for frustration. Starting in preschool and across all stages
of childhood, they have more behavior problems at school and higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders.
     [2]By adolescence, children with depressed parents have poorer social relations than the teens of parents
____, and they're more likely to be dependent on alcohol and drugs. Depression in parents also is linked to more
behavior problems at school and higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders, according to studies in the
report.
     [3]And some harmful effects of growing up with a depressed parent appear to remain into adulthood. A
20-year study on kids of depressed parents found that those with depressed parents suffered about three times
the rate of anxiety disorders and depression by their 30s, and they were in poorer health than peers and much
more likely to be dependent on drugs and alcohol. The study, believed to be the longest ever done, was
published in the American Journal of Psychiatry in 2006. These effects may not only be long-lasting but also
far-reaching. Serious depression affects about one in five American parents, and 15.6 million children live with
an adult who has had major depression in the last year.
     [4]As knowledge about the effects of parental depression has grown, so too has research into how to fight
those effects. Studies suggest, for example, that changing destructive parenting practices and teaching children
good coping strategies can make a big, positive difference in kids.

阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。(请注意问题后的字数要求)

Father leaves for work in the morning after breakfast．The two children take the bus to school，and mother stays home cooking and cleaning until father and the kids return home in the evening. This is the traditional picture of a happy family living in Britain．But is it true today?

The answer is no! The past 20 years have seen enormous changes in the lives and structure of families in Britain．The biggest change has been caused by divorce, which leads to a situation where many children live with one parent and only see the other at weekends or holidays．

There has “so been a huge rise in the number of women with children who work. The large rise in divorces(离婚)has meant many women need to work to support themselves and their children. Even where there is no divorce，many families need both parents to work in order to survive. This has caused an increase in childcare facilities，though it is very expensive and can be difficult to find in many areas.

There has also been a sharp increase ____________ single mothers，particularly among teenagers．Some people have blamed this increase for the rise in crime．They feel the lack of a male role model has damaged these children in society．

However these changes have not had a totally negative effect．For women，it is now much easier to have a career and good salary．Children themselves grow up more independent and mature(成熟的) than in the past．

1．What’s the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

2．Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases.

(Please answer within lo words．)

3．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following sentence?

Great changes have taken place in families in the past 20 years.

4．What are the good effects of the changes according to the passage?

5．Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese．

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