Trees should only be pruned(修剪)when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, the number of such reasons is small．Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way．
First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size．The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches, which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape．Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier．You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds．The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air．
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal(愈合)．Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk．It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible．It is important to make the area, which has been pruned, smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness．You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose．Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference(妨碍)from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed．If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly．
(1)
Why should pruning be done?
[ ]
A．
To make the tree grow taller．
B．
To improve the shape of the tree．
C．
to get rid of the small ranches．
D．
To make the small branches thicker．
(2)
Trees become unhealthy if the gardener ________．
[ ]
A．
giving a tree a special shape and a definite height
B．
removing small side branches and making a tree look less thick
C．
allowing too many branches to grow in the middle
D．
having a tree surrounded by many other trees
(3)
Why is a special material painted on the tree?
[ ]
A．
To help a wound to dry．
B．
to cover a rough surface．
C．
To make a wound smooth．
D．
To prevent disease entering a wound．
(4)
A good gardener prunes a tree ________．
[ ]
A．
several times throughout the year
B．
as quickly as possible
C．
occasionally when necessary
D．
regularly every winter
(5)
What was the author's purpose when writing this passage?
Our boat floated on, between walls of forest too thick to allow us a view of the land we were passing through, though we knew from the map that our river must from time to time be passing through chains of hills which crossed the jungle plains．Nowhere did we find a place where we could have landed：where the jungle did not actually spread right down into the river, banks of soft mud prevented us going ashore．In any case, what would we have sailed by landing?The country was full of snakes and other dangerous creatures, and the jungle was so thick that one would be able to advance only slowly, cutting one’s way with knives the whole way．So we stayed in the boat, hoping we reached the sea, a friendly fisherman would pick us up and take us to civilization．
We lived on fish, caught with home-made net of string(we had no hooks), and fruits and nuts we could pick up out of the water．As we had no fire, we had to eat everything, including the fish, raw I had never tasted raw fish before, and I must say I did not much enjoy the experience; perhaps sea fish which do not live in the mud are less tasteless．After eating my raw fish, I lay back and dreamed of such things as fried chicken and rice, and ice-cream．In the never-ending damp heat of the jungle, ice-cream was a particularly frequent dream．
As for water, there was a choice：we could drink the muddy river water, or die of thirst．We drank the water．Men who had just escaped what had appeared to be certain death lose all worries about such small things as diseases caused by dirty water．In fact, none of us suffered from any illness as a result．
One day we passed another village, but fortunately nobody saw us．We did not wish to risk being taken prisoners a second time：we might not be so lucky to escape in a stolen boat again．
(1)
What they could see in the boat was only ________．
[ ]
A．
high wall
B．
villagers from time to time
C．
vast land
D．
heavy woods
(2)
They couldn’t land because ________．
[ ]
A．
the mud on the shore was too soft
B．
the forest was too thick to let them go through
C．
they could not find the mark on the map
D．
they could not find anyone to lead them out of the forest
(3)
The passage infers that the forest was ________．
[ ]
A．
rich of fruits and animals to be served as food
B．
not very thick as they could advance slowly by cutting the branches
C．
full of various dangerous beings
D．
full of ancient trees
(4)
The most proper title for this passage might be ________．
[ ]
A．
Escape
B．
Scenes of a River
C．
How to Survive on a boat
D．
A New Experience
阅读理解：
Our boat floated on, between walls of forest too thick to allow us a view of the land we were passing through, though we knew from the map that our river must from time to time be passing through chains of hills which crossed the jungle plains．Nowhere did we find a place where we could have landed：where the jungle did not actually spread right down into the river, banks of soft mud prevented us going ashore．In any case, what would we have sailed by landing?The country was full of snakes and other dangerous creatures, and the jungle was so thick that one would be able to advance only slowly, cutting one’s way with knives the whole way．So we stayed in the boat, hoping we reached the sea, a friendly fisherman would pick us up and take us to civilization．
We lived on fish, caught with home-made net of string(we had no hooks), and fruits and nuts we could pick up out of the water．As we had no fire, we had to eat everything, including the fish, raw I had never tasted raw fish before, and I must say I did not much enjoy the experience; perhaps sea fish which do not live in the mud are less tasteless．After eating my raw fish, I lay back and dreamed of such things as fried chicken and rice, and ice-cream．In the never-ending damp heat of the jungle, ice-cream was a particularly frequent dream．
As for water, there was a choice：we could drink the muddy river water, or die of thirst．We drank the water．Men who had just escaped what had appeared to be certain death lose all worries about such small things as diseases caused by dirty water．In fact, none of us suffered from any illness as a result．
One day we passed another village, but fortunately nobody saw us．We did not wish to risk being taken prisoners a second time：we might not be so lucky to escape in a stolen boat again．
(1)
What they could see in the boat was only ________．
[ ]
A．
high wall
B．
villagers from time to time
C．
vast land
D．
heavy woods
(2)
They couldn’t land because ________．
[ ]
A．
the mud on the shore was too soft
B．
the forest was too thick to let them go through
C．
they could not find the mark on the map
D．
they could not find anyone to lead them out of the forest．
(3)
The passage infers that the forest was ________．
[ ]
A．
rich of fruits and animals to be served as food
B．
not very thick as they could advance slowly by cutting the branches
C．
full of various dangerous beings
D．
full of ancient trees
(4)
The most proper title for this passage might be ________．
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