题目内容

Americans value competition. They believe that competition      out the best in any individual. They claim that it challenges or even      each person to produce the very best that is humanly possible.     , the foreign visitor will see competition encouraged in the American home and in the American classroom,     at the youngest age levels. You may find the     placed on competition confusing, especially if you come from a society that promotes cooperation   competition among individuals. But Americans teaching in the Third World countries find the lack of competition in a classroom situation equally     . They soon learn that what they had thought to be one of the universal human qualities      only a particularly American or Western value.

1.A．carries             B．brings            C．picks           D．comes

2.A．forces              B．causes           C．leads           D．teaches

3.A．Particularly         B．Occasionally       C．Consequently    D．Accidentally

4.A．even               B．still              C．only           D．already

5.A．thoughts            B．interest           C．attitude         D．value

6.A．together with        B．rather than         C．in spite of       D．along with

7.A．puzzling            B．unacceptable       C．unfortunate      D．discouraging

8.A．encouraged          B．respected          C．represented     D．Produced

 

【答案】

 

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.A

5.D

6.B

7.A

8.C

【解析】

试题分析：本文介绍了美国人的一种存在于课堂上的竞争价值观念，而此种观念并不适用于第三世界国家。

1.考查动词词组。Carries out开展，实行；brings out产生出，使显示；picks out挑选出；comes out出现，结果是。句意是：他们相信竞争能使任何人显示出最好的一面。故选B。

2.考查动词。Forces强迫；causes引起；leads领导，指引；teaches教。句意是：他们宣称竞争能挑战甚至于迫使人们达到人力所能达到的最好境界。此处现有“挑战”，后有“甚至于”，此处用词更为强烈，故选A。

3.考查副词。Particularly特别地；Occasionally，偶尔，间或；Consequently因此；Accidentally意外地。句意是：因此,外国游客会看到竞争在美国家里,在美国教室是被鼓励的。前文提到美国社会看重竞争，因此这种现象上可见，上下文之间是一种传承关系，故选C。

4.考查连词。Even甚至；still仍然；only不过，可是；already早已。由句意可知处是对上半句的强调，句意是：甚至是在最小的年龄段都鼓励竞争。故选A

5.考查名词。Thoughts思想；interest兴趣；attitude态度；value价值。句意是：你可能会发现至于竞争之上的价值观会混乱。本文体现的是一种观念，故选D。

6.考查连词。together with和，连同；rather than而不是；in spite of尽管，不管；along with连同…一起。此句中promotes cooperation促进合作与competition among individuals个人竞争两者是相对的，因此这里的连词是有转折关系选其一，故选B。

7.考查形容词。Puzzling使迷惑的；unacceptable不能接受的；unfortunate不幸的；discouraging使人沮丧的。句意是：在第三世界教书的美国人发现在课堂上缺乏竞争是相当费解的。故选A

8.考查动词。Encouraged鼓励；respected尊敬，重视；represented代表，表现；Produced产生，制造。句意是：他们很快就认识到他们所认为的人类普遍品质之一竞争仅仅只是代表了美国或是西方国家的价值观。故选D。

考点：考查社会现象类短文

 

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When a person from the United States might blush（脸红）with embarrassment or become offensive, a Chinese might blush with smile. To avoid serious misunderstanding, people who engage in intercultural communication should be able to understand the meaning of smiling appropriately. Related to the smile is the laugh. Also, different cultures have different meanings about laugh. For example, Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt belly (腹部) laugh that comes from the deepest emotions. However, most Chinese seldom laugh that way because they are thought to be silly except among close friends.
【小题1】We can use smile to express all of the following feelings except_________,

A．joy and happinessB．amusementC．embarrassmentD．fear
【小题2】People often smile at each other in the United States because_________.
A．they are very happyB．they want to show they are friendly
C．they want to hide their true feelingsD．they want to avoid embarrassment
【小题3】In China, seeing a child falls off a bike, an adult will smile in order to ________.
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【小题4】What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A．People smile at times.B．Smiling can express different feelings depending on different cultures.
C．Americans are more open and friendly than Chinese people.
D．The Chinese people often hide their true feelings.


C
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I can’t say that I’m the biggest John Steinbeck fan. Actually, the only thing I can ever remember reading by him was “The pearl” when I was in middle school, but I couldn’t agree more with the man when it comes to fishing. Whether I am on a boat in the middle of the Lay Lake, fishing off the shores of the Florida Keys for tarpon (大海鲢) or catching rainbow trout (红鲭鱼) in the Shoshone River of Wyoming, fishing is my life.
According to the American Sports Fishing Association, the fishing industry brings in more than $ 116 billion per year from fishermen across the country.
Though a beautiful picture to imagine fishing is much more than that. Fishing is a way of life for many people and a way to escape everyday stress. Being a fisherman makes me a member of a wonderful group of people extending to all walks of life. Even President Bush can be found fishing on his farm in Texas with his good friend Roland Martin when the job gets too stressful.
I can remember fishing with my grandfather when I was 5 years old on his boat at Lake Mitchell. Although I didn’t understand what I doing. I did know that my grandfather was happy and that made me happy. Since then I’ve spent the past 16 years on the rivers and lakes of Alabama.
After days of practice, before and after work, I slowly developed an understanding of fishing. My boss. Ric Horst, took me back to the Shoshone, and I managed to bring in a 19 – inch cutthroat trout. Fishing with Ric was a life – changing experience for me. He not only showed my how to fish correctly, but also told me how fishing could be a way to escape your problems.
Since then, prime – time (黄金时间) season seems to take forever to arrive.
Now, with the ending of February and beginning of March in sight, the excitement of heading out Lake Tuscaloosa or Lake Lurleen before classes and catching something has finally returned.
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A．Americans are believed to be the offspring (后代) of fishermen
B．it is unthinkable for an American to admit his dislike of fishing
C．all Americans are expert at fishing
D．those who dislike fishing would not love their mother
52．The writer came to understand the real meaning of fishing            .
A．when he was reading “The pearl” by John Steinbeck
B．when he went fishing with his grandfather at Lake Mitchell
C．after he had spent 16 years on the rivers and lakes of Alabama
D．after he went fishing with his boss, Ric Horst on the Shoshone
53．What can be inferred from the text?
A．The author is at most 21 years old.
B．The author regards fishing as a very important part in his life.
C．The author agreed with John Steinbeck the most when he was in middle school.
D．President Bush often goes fishing in public in order to collect idea for his job.
54．According to the author,             .
A．people can get to know VIPs when fishing.
B．people can smooth away all the troubles by fishing
C．Fishing is a way of communication
D．Fishing is a way to make a living for most American people
55．What is the purpose of the writing?
A．To describe the writer’s experience and understanding of fishing.
B．To explain the reason why so many Americans like fishing.
C．To make others understand the industry of fishing.
D．To express his opinions about fishing in different time of the year.


B
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A．the tragedy of the commons is caused by local decision
B．private ownership can cause the tragedy of the commons
C．overuse of shared resources can cause the tragedy of the commons
D．it is not the officials but the local people who can do something to avoid the tragedy
61．This year’s Nobel Prize for economics is shared by        ．
A．Elinor Ostrom and Oliver Williamson   B．Elinor Ostrom and Garrett Hardin
C．Oliver Williamson and Garrett Hardin   D．63 economic scientists
62．Professor Williamson proved that long-term contracts and disputes over prices can be
avoided by big companies by                  ．
A．1imiting the size of other companies
B．providing sufficient production
C．sharing resources with their own suppliers
D．setting up their own industry regulation
63．Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?
A．Two American Economists Won the Nobel Prize for Studying Markets．
B．Researchers of Economic Governance Won the Nobel Prize for Economics．
C．First Woman to Win the Nobel Prize for Economic Strategies．
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Choose foods thoughtfully
Americans have never had such a variety or abundance of food to choose from．Besides so many choices, we now hear about our "food print", the amount of land needed to supply one person's nutritional needs for a year．Do we buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico or tomatoes grown locally in a hothouse? Do．we get the Granny Smiths from the fanners' market or the supermarket? Is organic produce healthier for us and the planet?
These are very complex issues that require analysis of many criteria, including the energy used in producing and transporting the food, as well as the type of soil and methods of raising the food．
Despite the complexities, there are some general guidelines you can follow．For instance, eat less meat or eat low on the food chain．Your doctor may have recommended you to restrict your consume red meat because of its too much fat content．Beyond that, there are environmental reasons, too. Raise food animals contributes substantially to climate change because a meat-based diet requires more land, energy and water than a plant - based one．
Drinking plenty of fluids is significant during hot weather or when exercising．But is bottled water the way to go? You may not think so when seeing the true costs．Based on a survey, manufacturing the 30 - plus billion plastic water bottles can produce more than 2．5 million tons of carbon dioxide and use here times the amount of water in the bottle．Adding in transportation, the energy used comes to over 50 million barrels of oil equivalent （等价物）．Consequently, skip the bottled water and drink tap water, both at home and at restaurants．Additionally, bottled water is not necessarily cleaner than tap.
【小题1】In Paragraph 2 the author puts forward three questions mainly _____．

A．to prove Americans have less food to choose from
B．to show us the shopping habits of most Americans
C．to indicate Americans tend to buy food from abroad
D．to remind people to reconsider their food purchase
【小题2】The doctor recommends eating less red meat partly because _____．
A．it contains too much fatB．it costs a lot in transportation
C．it is too low on the food chainD．it isn't related to climate change
【小题3】According to the text, which of the following is true?
A．Americans all prefer to buy cherry tomatoes from Mexico．
B．The plant - based diet is responsible for the climate change．
C．Americans have a variety of food to choose from．
D．Organic produce is the only choice for Americans．
【小题4】Based on the last paragraph, we know that _____．
A．bottled water is cleaner than tap water
B．tap water is economical as well as eco - friendly
C．bottled water is more available than tap water
D．tap water uses one - third the cost of bottled water
【小题5】What is the best subtitle for the last paragraph?
A．Skip bottled water, carry tapB．Drink bottled water
C．Produce plastic water bottlesD．Save water resources

America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while—then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us develop more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality(好客) easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!
【小题1】The writer of this passage must be ________.

A．an AmericanB．a ChineseC．a professorD．a student
【小题2】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
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B．Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.
C．Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.
D．Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.
【小题3】From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will probably be ________.
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【小题4】The underlined words “generous with our time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ________.
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【小题5】A suitable title for this passage would probably be “________”.  
A．Americans’ and Chinese’s views of friendshipsB．Americans’ hospitality
C．Friendships between ChineseD．Friendships between Americans

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