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阅读理解
     Imagine a world 400 years ago where children were used as chimney sweeps.The pay was low; it
was a dirty trade and there was little reward for the men who did the job and even less for children.
     Medway's annual Sweeps Festival recreates the joy and laughter enjoyed by the chimney sweeps at
their traditional holiday: the one time of the year the sweeps could leave the soot (烟灰) behind and have
some fun.The sweeps' holiday was traditionally held on 1 May each year.Locally, they used to mark the
occasion by staging a procession through the streets of Rochester.
     Their fun continued with the JackintheGreen ceremony, a sevenfoot character waken at dawn on
Blue Bell Hill, Chatham.The JackintheGreen would walk with the chimney sweeps in their parade.When
the Climbing Boys' Act 1868 made it illegal to employ young boys to carry out the trade, the traditional
procession gradually began to fade.The final May celebration was held in the early 1900s.
     The modern day Rochester Sweeps Festival is a colorful mix of music, dancing and entertainment
with more than 60 Morris sides and entertainers celebrating throughout the threeday festival.The festival
was revived in 1981 by local businessman Gordon Newton, a keen historian.He decided it was time to
bring it back and over the years he has helped develop the festival into what it is today-an excellent
performance of traditional Britain.
       Gordon researched the Sweeps' tradition and organized a small parade, involving local Morris teams.
In time, Medway Council took over organization of the festival but Gordon remained actively involved.
Today he is festival producer and plays melodeon (簧风琴) for several Morris teams.Doug Hudson is
the festival's music director, a role he has held for many years.Through Gordon's vision and hard work,
Doug's musical ability and the council's help, the Rochester Sweeps Festival has become the largest May Day celebration of its kind in the country.

1.  According to the writer, chimney sweeps ________.

A.  were highly respected              
B.  were well rewarded
C.  led a hard life in the past            
D.  worked in good conditions

2.  Medway's Sweeps Festival ________.

A.  has been organized by the JackintheGreen
B.  dated back to the May celebration in the early 1900s
C.is held to honor those chimney sweeps every other year
D.  has become a time for chimney sweeps to enjoy themselves

3.  The underlined word "revive" in the 4th paragraph most probably means ________.

A.  realize            
B.  review        
C.  recreate          
D.  recognize

4.  It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A.  the festival has never been supported by the local government
B.  The festival is a good way to see British folk customs in action 
C.  youngsters have been forbidden to be chimney sweeps since 1981
D.  the modern festival lasts five days celebrating the coming of spring

5.  What is the passage mainly concerned about?

A.  Sweeps Festival's history.  
B.  Medway's traditional holidays.
C.  Climbing Boys' Act 1868.
D.  A procession in Rochester.
1-5: CDCBA
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     Working from home is more and more popular as a means of escaping the ninetofive office life.Why do you work under the eye of your boss when you can work in front of the TV in your slippers?Armed with
all the necessary things-telephone, computer, email and fax, many workers believe they can work as
effectively as their colleagues in the office.Being able to work wherever you like:from a busy city to a
village, and not having to stand the daily things, make working from home an attractive choice.If you wish, you can even work on a river boat.
     So what will become of the office tomorrow?It is possible that many could go into computer space
creating a new wave of virtual(虚拟的) offices.To minimize office in innercity areas, companies will have a work force made up of a network of home workers linked by an advanced communication and
information system.A central processing computer would be controlled by the manager who sends out
work schedules and oversees(监视) the activity of each employee.
     A video screen would be created, as the need for email or telephone becomes greater.Seeing the
mood and expressions of work colleagues, managers would have the ability to view several employees at
once on their screen.Employees would be encouraged to feed any information that may be useful to fellow workers into the computer to make the company work more effectively.As the company's lifeblood, the
computer would contain a record of all conversations and communication for future reference and hold
secret information such as accounts in password(口令) protected areas.
1. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. the importance of working in the future
B. how to escape your office
C. how to work with a computer
D. virtual offices in the future
2. According to the passage, which of the following things is NOT necessary for a virtual office?
A. A manager.  
B. An office building.
C. A telephone.  
D. A central processing computer.
3. Which of the following is an advantage of a virtual office?
A. There aren't strict time limits.
B. Employees aren't overseen by the manager.
C. Employees needn't see each other every day.
D. Fewer employees are needed in every company.
4. From the passage we can learn that ________.
A. a computer is the only necessary thing in a virtual office.
B. in a virtual office, all information is open to workers.
C. managers can observe their employees in a virtual office.
D. the number of employees will be smaller in a virtual office.
阅读理解

     As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods."The woods" was our parttime address,
destination, purpose, and excuse.If I went to a friend's house and found him not at home, his mother
might say, "Oh, he's out in the woods," with a tone (语气) of airy acceptance.It's similar to the tone
people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone I'm looking for is on the golf course or at the
gym, or even "away from his desk". For us tenyearolds, "being out in the woods" was just an excuse to
do whatever we feel like for a while.
     We sometimes told ourselves that what we were doing in the woods was exploring (探索).
Exploring was a more popular idea back then than it is today.History seemed to be mostly about
explorers.Our explorations, though, seemed to have less system than the historic kind: something usually
came up along the way.Say we stayed in the woods, throwing rocks, shooting frogs, picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded was an Indian burial mound.
     Often we got "lost" and had to climb a tree to find out where we were.If you read a story in which
someone does that successfully, be skeptical;_the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold
weight, and we could never climb high enough to see anything except other trees.There were four or five
trees that we visited regularly-tall beeches, easy to climb and comfortable to sit in.
     It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end.By then some of us
has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence (青春期). In March, the month
when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring.We
climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were
rather big to be up in a tree.Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school
cafeteria.

1. The author and his friends were often out in the woods to ________.

A. spend their free time
B. play golf and other sports
C. avoid doing their schoolwork
D. keep away from their parents

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

A. The activities in the woods were well planned.
B. Human history is not the result of exploration.
C. Exploration should be a systematic activity.
D. The author explored in the woods aimlessly.

3. The underlined word "skeptical" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. calm        
B. doubtful        
C. serious          
D. optimistic

4. The reason why we visited the four or five trees regularly is the following except that ________.

A. they were tall beeches
B. they were easy to climb
C. they were not high to climb
D. they were comfortable to sit in


5. How does the author feel about his childhood?

A. Happy but short.
B. Lonely but memorable.
C. Boring and meaningless.
D. Long and unforgettable.

阅读理解
     Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be
interested in the memoir (回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler who is one of the most famous men in American
education.
     Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19yearold college graduate
Ralph Tyler became hooked_on_teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and
changed his major from medicine to education.
     Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles
Judd and W. W.Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work.In 1927,
he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
     Tyler became wellknown nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the EightYear Study
from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
    Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford,
a position he held for fourteen years.There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an
independent spirit in their work.
     Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired.He served on a long list of
educational organizations in the United States and abroad.Even in his 80s he traveled across the country
to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives (目标) that develop the best
teaching and learning within their schools.

1. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler's memoir?

A. Top managers.      
B. Language learners.
C. Serious educators.
D. Science organizations.

2. The words "hooked on teaching" underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.

A. attracted to teaching  
B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching
D. unhappy about teaching

3. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?

A. The University of Chicago.
B. Stanford University.
C. Ohio State University.
D. Nebraska University.

4. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ________.

A. he developed a new method of testing
B. he called for free spirit in research
C. he was still active in giving advice  
D. he still led the EightYear Study

5. What can NOT we learn about Ralph W. Tyler in this article?

A. When and where he was born.
B. Where he studied and worked.
C. His devotion to American education.
D. His life with his family.
阅读理解
     Making an apology is not the same as making amends.Sometimes we apologize just because it's the
easiest thing to do.What's actually important is to identify where we go wrong, take full responsibility for
our mistakes and, if possible, try to make up for them.
     A recent case involving HewlettPacked, the US computer giant, shows the importance of presenting a
sincere apology.The Chinese consumers who had bought notebook computers of certain models, which
have been put on Chinese market since 2007, suffered a massive flash screen failures and overheating
problems.Through investigation, Chinese AQSIQ (国家质检总局) identified these HP computers had
quality problems and HP admitted this.HP made a proposal that they would extend the warranty period of such computers, but this could not satisfied the consumers.What they needed was a thorough description
of the truth.HP has "sincerely" apologized.But the consumers remain angry, and say that only a product
recall-as HP has done in the past-will prove that the apology is sincere.
     Another apology that fell flat on its face was that of Thierry Henry, the famous French footballer.His
deliberate handball in November 2009 created the goal which knocked Ireland out of the 2010 World
Cup.The incident caused great anger in the football world, and eventually Henry issued an apology.Two
days later, he wrote, "I'm not the referee...but if I hurt someone I'm sorry." Better late than never, perhaps, but even then he passed the blame onto the referee!
     Such highprofile cases, which attract a lot of publicity are often under the spotlight, but similar incidents occur in our everyday lives.Stress caused by schoolwork and tiredness can sometimes result in outbursts
of anger against friends and family.Have you ever lost your temper for minor reasons? After calming down, most people are quick to realize their mistake and apologize.But it's just as important to identify what
caused the error in the first place and take action to ensure it doesn't happen again.
     No one should hold a negative attitude to making a sincere apology.Empty words are easy to say, but
they are as useless as they sound.A real show of remorse demands hard work and commitment to put
error right.
1. What does the author intend to tell us in the case of HP?
A. A true apology needs sincere actions.
B. HP should recall all the faulty computers.
C. Good quality makes a good company.
D. A company should apologize and pay for their mistakes.
2. According to the author, when we do anything wrong we firstly ________.
A. make an apology face to face honestly
B. admit we were wrong and try to make the wrong right
C. take the responsibility for apologizing to others
D. choose the easiest thing to do
3. We can infer from the case of Thierry Henry that ________.
A. it's never too late to say "I'm sorry."
B. writing an apology is not a good idea
C. Henry didn't identify his fault
D. the football fans were mad with Henry
4. Which of the following can best explain the word "commitment" in the last paragraph?
A. Decision.  
B. Promise.
C. Agreement.  
D. Responsibility.
5. What's the best title of this passage?
A. What Really Puts Things Right
B. Don't Apologize Easily
C. Making an Apology-No One Is out of Exception
D. How to Judge an Apology-Sincere Enough?
阅读理解
     The two things-snow and mountains-which are needed for a ski area are the two things that cause
avalanches(雪崩), large mass of snow and ice crushing down the side of a mountain-often called "White
Death."
    It was the threat of the avalanche and its record as a killer of man in the western mountains that created
the snow ranger. He first started on avalanche control work in the winter of 193738 at Alta, Utah, in
Wasatch National Forest.
     This mountain valley was becoming well known to skiers. It was dangerous. In fact, more than 120
persons had lost their lives in 1936 and another 200 died in 1937 as a result of avalanches before it
became a major ski area. Thus, development of Alta and other major ski resorts in the west was
dependent upon controlling the avalanche. The Forest Service set out to do it, and did, with its corps
(团队)of snow rangers.
     It takes many things to make a snow ranger. The snow ranger must be in excellent physical condition.
He must be a good skier and a skilled mountain climber. He should have at least a high school education,
and the more college courses in geology, physics, and related fields he has, the better.
     He studies snow, terrain, wind, and weather. He learns the conditions that produce avalanches. He
learns to forecast avalanches and to bring them roaring on down the mountainsides to reduce their killing
strength. The snow ranger learns to do this by using artillery(炮), by blasting with TNT, and by the
difficult and skillful art of skiing avalanches down.
     The snow ranger, dressed in a green parka which has a bright yellow shoulder patch, means safety
for people on ski slopes. He pulls the trigger(扳机) on a 75 mm. Recoilless rifle(无后坐力步枪), skis
waist deep in powder testing snow stability, or talks with the ski area's operator as he goes about his
work to protect the public from the hazards(危险)of deep snow on steep mountain slopes.

1. The snow rangers are employees of ________.

A. the Forest Service  
B. the Resource Bureau
C. the Tourist Board  
D. the Sports Bureau

2. A snow ranger himself must be ________.

A. a college graduate  
B. a physicist
C. a geologist  
D. a mountaineer

3. A snow ranger uses very powerful guns________.

A. to warn skiers of an approaching avalanche
B. to signal for help in an emergency
C. to create an avalanche
D. to communicate with the ski area's operator

4. The primary duty of the snow ranger is ________.

A. to make sure ski area's operators are following safety rules
B. to predict and control avalanches in mountainous areas
C. to check skis and repair them
D. to forecast the weather
阅读理解
      "Billy! It is February 25, 2099, seven o'clock. Time to get up and go to school,  " said the clockrobot
in a mental voice. Then the kitchenrobot gave him toast and eggs. Billy was amazed. While he was eating,
the whole wall became a TV screen and Billy thought that it was great having robots to do everything for
him. Billy ate his meal, watching a TV show. When he finished eating, the clothesrobot gave him his
clothes very fast and dressed him. Then Billy went off to school.
     When Billy went outside, he saw a car with no driver waiting for him. The car said, "Hello, I will be
driving you to school every day. Now would you please show your school ID card?" said the car. So
Billy showed the car his school ID card and got in. The car began to talk to Billy about his school and his
schoolwork. After that the car said, "I will check your homework today because you will have a very, very important lesson to learn in school today. Please put your homework on the blackboard." Billy did so.
     The car checked Billy's homework and then said, "Well done! You are a great student. All of your
homework is correct." When they got to school, Billy said to the car, "Goodbye. See you later." The car
said to Billy, "Good luck in your school." Billy got into the classroom and took his seat at the front of the
room. Then his teacher came in and said, "Welcome, children! Today we will have a hard but important
lesson-'How do robots help a human being?'…"

1. What's the best title of the passage?

A. Billy's Daily Life
B. How Billy Go to School
C. How Do Robots Help Humans in the Future
D. Robots

2. Who cooked breakfast for Billy?

A. His mother.  
B. His father.
C. A robot.  
D. Billy himself.

3. When did Billy have to show his school ID card?

A. Before getting to school.
B. Before getting into the car.
C. Before entering the classroom.
D. Before classes were over.

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Billy liked having robots to do everything for him.
B. At first Billy was very surprised.
C. Billy was glad that the robot teacher would give a very, very important lesson.
D. The car itself drove Billy to school.
阅读理解
     As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical
generating(发电)and transmission(输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the
West, for better or worse.Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct
physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community.The same is
true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.
     The 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land.In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has
presented unique challenges to land management.With the completion of the interstate highway system,
many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood
and died.
      Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the
West.This is not an argument against building them.We need alternative energy badly, and to readily take
advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.
      So tradeoffs will have to be made.Some scenic spots will be sacrificed.Some species will be forced
to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations.Deals will be struck to reduce the
immediate effects.
     The lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter.The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region.
There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good.But it is just as likely that they will be
spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.
     The money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far
beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines.So let's remember the effects of
the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.

1. What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?

A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.
B. Some railroad stops remained underused.
C. Land in the West was hard to manage.
D. Land grants went into private hands.

2. What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two
     paragraphs?

A. The transmission of power.          
B. The use of money and power.
C. The conservation of solar energy.      
D. The selection of an ideal place.

3. What is the author's attitude towards building solar plants?

A. Cautious.  
B. Approving.
C. Doubtful.  
D. Disapproving.

4. Which is the best title for the passage?

A. How the Railways Have Affected the West
B. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West
C. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced
D. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled
阅读理解
     American author Mark Twain once noted that "life would be surely happier if we could only be born at the age of 80 and gradually approach 18." Twain's words were only one of many complaints about aging. The ancient Greek poet Homer called old age "hateful", and William Shakespeare termed it "terrible
winter".
     Alexander the Great, who conquered most of the known world before he died around 323 B.C., may
have been looking for a river that healed the ravages of age. During the 12th century A.D., a king called
Prester John ruled a land that had a river of gold and a fountain of youth.
     But the name linked most closely to the search for a fountain of youth is 16th-century Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon. He thought it would be found in Florida. In St. Augustine, the oldest city in the U.S., there's a tourist attraction. It is said to be the fountain of youth that Ponce de Leon discovered soon after
he arrived in what is now Florida in 1513. However, elderly visitors who drink the spring's water don't
turn into teenagers.
     But the tale of the search for a fountain of youth is so appealing(有吸引力的) that it survives anyway,
says Ryan K. Smith, a professor of history. "People are more attracted by the story of looking and not
finding than they are by the idea that the fountain might be out there somewhere."
     Still, a few grains of truth have helped to support the story. Kathleen Deagan, a professor of
archaeology, says a graveyard and the remains of a Spanish mission dating back to St. Augustine's
founding in 1565 have been discovered near the so-called fountain of youth. Michelle Reyna, a spokesperson for the Fountain of Youth Archaeological Park in St. Augustine, says the fountain has been a tourist
attraction since at least 1901 and may have been attracting visitors since 1860.
1. According to the passage, who searched for a fountain of youth?
A. Ponce de Leon  
B. William Shakespeare.
C. Kathleen Deagan  
D. Michelle Reyna
2. What does the underlined word "ravages" in the second paragraph probably mean?
A. Growth.
B. Limits.
C. Damages.
D. Benefits.
3. What is the attitude of people towards the fountain of youth?
A. People find much pleasure in looking for it.
B. People believe the existence of it somewhere.
C. People have no interest in searching for it.
D. People consider the idea of the fountain of youth absurd(荒谬的).
4. The passage mainly tells us _____.
A. how the fountain of youth came into being
B. why some famous people hate becoming old
C. how to remain young forever
D. whether the fountain of youth exists
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The underlined words "the story" refers to Alexander the Great ruling a land that had a river of gold 
     and a fountain of youth.
B. Augustine, which is the oldest city in the U.S, lies in Florida.
C. Some elderly visitors find themselves younger after drinking the water from the fountain of youth.
D. Kathleen Deagan is the spokesperson for the Fountain of Youth Archaeological Park.