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I¡¯m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks before. I have been thought about the question raised in your letter. In my opinion, you should go back after you finish your studies at abroad. For one thing, that you are studying is badly needed nowadays in our country. It will be quite easily for you to find a good job. In fact, I know that a few big company in our city hope to hire people like you. For another, I think it will be more convenient for you look after your parents because they are getting older and older. And this is only my point of view. It is up to me to make a right choice.

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¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿A new word has suddenly become wildly popular in China¡ª¡°tuhao¡±¡ªwhich loosely means ¡°nouveau riche¡±. There have been more than 100 million references to the word ¡°tuhao¡± on social media since early September.

It¡¯s being used to describe everything from the new people¡¯s daily building, to expensive celebrity weddings full of millionaires, and the new gold-colored iPhone.

In Chinese ¡°tu¡± means earth and ¡°hao¡± means rich. To say someone is tuhao is to imply they come from a poor peasant background, and have made it rich quickly¡ªbut don¡¯t quite have the manners to go along with it. ¡°It¡¯s like the term ¡®nouveau riche¡¯¡±, says Professor Steve Tsang at the School of Contemporary Chinese Studies in Nottingham, ¡°but has even more negative meanings, suggesting a certain vulgarity(´ÖË×).¡±

¡°Tuhao¡± is actually an old word, dating back perhaps as far as the Southern Dynasty¡ª1,500 years ago, but it has always meant something rather different. During the communist revolution, from the 1920s to early 1950s, it was widely used to refer to landholders and gentry(ÏçÉð)who would often do bad things to those beneath them.

This new usage of the term took off in September after a widely-shared joke about a rich, but unhappy man, who goes to a Buddhist monk for advice, expecting to be told to live a more simple life. The monk replies instead with a sentence, ¡°Tuhao, let¡¯s be friends!¡±

Chinese Internet users are highly creative in their use of language, and are constantly inventing, and re-inventing words as a way of getting past censorship(Éó²é) rules. But in this case, its popularity seems to be down to the fact that it expresses China¡¯s changing society so well¡ªmany people sneer at those with wealth, but are secretly jealous.

¡¾1¡¿What is the best title of the passage?

A. Tuhao, a newly popular word in China

B. The long history of Tuhao

C. The new usage of Tuhao

D. Tuhao, a newly-invented Chinese word

¡¾2¡¿Which of the following may NOT be considered ¡°tuhao¡±?

A. A vulgar nouveau riche.

B. A landholder.

C. A quick-rich peasant without proper manners.

D. A Buddhist monk.

¡¾3¡¿The last but one paragraph mainly tells us ________.

A. what the new usage of the word is

B. how the word becomes popular again

C. why the unhappy man went to the Buddhist monk

D. what advice the monk gave the unhappy man

¡¾4¡¿What does the underlined word in the last paragraph mean?

A. Respect. B. Envy. C. Laugh. D. Disbelieve.

¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿Buckingham Palace is where the Queen lives. It is the Queen¡¯s official and main royal London home.Buckingham Palace was originally a splendid house built by the Duke(¹«¾ô) of Buckingham for his wife. George IV began changing it into a palace in 1826. It has been the official London home of Britain¡¯s royal family since 1837. Buckingham Palace is also an office and used for the administrative work of the royal family.

When the Queen is at home you can see her royal flag (the Royal Standard) flying from the flag pole on top of Buckingham Palace.

The flag is divided into four equal parts. The first and fourth parts represent England and contain three gold lions waking on a red field; the second part represents Scotland and contains a red lion standing on a gold field; the third part represents Ireland and contains the gold coat of arms of Ireland on a blue field.

In flag protocol (ÀñÒÇ), the Royal Standard which must only be flown from buildings where the Queen is present is supreme (ÖÁ¸ßÎÞÉϵÄ). It flies above the British Union Flag (the Union Jack ), and other British flags. It never flies at half mast.

The guards of the Palace wear red jackets and tall, furry hats. When the first guards come on duty, there is a ceremony called the Changing of the Guard. A familiar sight at Buckingham Palace is the Changing of the Guard ceremony that takes place in the open space in front of it each morning.

The Palace has around 750 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms, 78 bathrooms, 92 offices, a cinema and a swimming pool. It also has its own post office and police station. About 400 people work at the Palace, including servants, chefs, footmen, cleaners, gardeners, electricians, and so on. More than 50,000 people come to the Palace each year as guests to dinners, receptions and Royal Garden Parties.

¡¾1¡¿For whom was the original Buckingham Palace built?

A. The Duke of Buckingham.

B. George IV.

C. The Duke of Buckingham¡¯s wife.

D. George IV¡¯s wife.

¡¾2¡¿According to the text, the Royal Standard_________.

A. is flown at Buckingham Palace every morning

B. represents the four countries of the UK

C. flies at half mast only on a few occasions

D. flies higher than the British Union Flag

¡¾3¡¿When can a visitor see the Changing of the Guard ceremony?

A. Every morning and evening.

B. Every morning.

C. When the Queen¡¯s flag is flying.

D. When a flag is flying at the Palace.

¡¾4¡¿What is the last paragraph about?

A. What you can see inside Buckingham Palace.

B. The royal parties at Buckingham Palace.

C. The Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace.

D. People living and working at Buckingham Palace.

¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿In 1990,22-year-old Christopher McCandless gave up his career plans£¬left behind everyone he knew£¬donated all his savings to charity£¬and went off on an adventure£¬hiking his way through America to Alaska£®

Of course,this is an unusual story most college graduates would not do so. However£¬studies show that in teenage years, people are more likely to try out new experiences.For example£¬instead of working his way up the same organization like his grandfather did£¬a 15-year-old may dream about becoming a travellerÒ»only to find in his early 20s that this attraction of new places is fading and change is less attractive£®

The reason why people become less keen to change as they get older may be that people

generally have similar life patterns and demands£®Most people aim to find a job and a partner. As they get older£¬they may have young children and elderly family members to look after. These responsibilities cannot be achieved without some degree of steadiness£¬which means that new experiences and ideas may not have a place in the person¡¯s life£®New experiences may bring excitement as well as insecurity,and so most people prefer to stay with the familiar.

However£¬not every individual is the same. A child may want to play a different game every day and get fed up if nothing changes at the kindergarten£®Another may play with the same children and toys on every visit. Young children who avoid new experiences will grow up to be more traditional than others. Psychologist argue that those who have more open personalities as children are more open than others might be when they are older and that young men have a greater interest in novelty than women£¬although as they age£¬this desire for new experiences fades more quickly than it does in women£®

¡¾1¡¿ The first paragraph serves as a(n£© £®

A. introduction B£®explanation

C. comment D. background

¡¾2¡¿What does the author think is the key factor that prevents people trying out new experiences?

A. Age B. Partner

C. Responsibility D. Education

¡¾3¡¿The underlined phrase¡°interest in novelty¡±most probably means £®

A. independence B. curiosity

C. security D.excitement

¡¾4¡¿According to the passage, we can infer that_______.

A. a child who likes different games may not like to change after growing up

B. a teenager is not interested in a new start before graduation

C. women are more likely to try new things than men of the same age

D. as one gets older, he prefers the old patterns of life

¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿The United States estimates that about one out of every 10 people on the planet today is at least 60 years old. By 2050, it¡¯s projected to be one out of 5. This means that not only will there be more old people, but there will be relatively fewer young people to support them.

Professor Richard Lee of the University of California at Berkeley says this aging of the world has a great effect on economics. ¡°Population aging increases the concentration of population in the older ages and therefore it is costly,¡± he said.

Aging populations consume (ÏûºÄ) more and produce less. With more people living longer, it could get expensive. But Mr. Lee says with continuing increases in worker productivity and smart planning, it can be manageable.

Societies have different methods for caring for the elderly, but each carries a cost. Generally, there are three types of support. Seniors can live off the wealth they gained when they were younger. They can rely on their family to take care of them, or they can rely on the government.

In industrialized nations, governments created publicly-funded (¹«¹²×ÊÖúµÄ) support systems. These worked relatively well until recent years, when aging population growth in places like the United States and Western Europe began to gradually weaken the systems finances. These nations now face some tough choices. Mr. Lee says the elderly in some of these countries must either receive less money, retire later or increase taxes to make the system continuable.

Most developing nations haven¡¯t built this type of government-funded support, but have instead relied on families to care for their elderly. These nations also generally have a much younger population, which means their situation is not as urgent as more developed nations. But Mr. Lee says that doesn¡¯t mean they can ignore the issue. ¡°Third World countries should give very careful thought to this process, to population aging and how it may affect their economies ¡ª now, before population aging even becomes an issue,¡± he explained.

¡¾1¡¿¡°Aging¡± in this text means .

A. there are more young people than old people

B. an increasing number of old people are dying

C. more and more young people are growing old

D. the percentage of old people in the world is increasing

¡¾2¡¿What is Professor Richard Lee¡¯s attitude towards population aging?

A. Indifferent. B. Optimistic.

C. Negative. D. Worried.

¡¾3¡¿The publicly-funded support systems in industrialized nations.

A. are facing the risk of failing

B. have failed to provide support for the old

C. will be replaced by other support systems

D. have greatly affected the nations¡¯ economies

¡¾4¡¿We can infer from the text that developing nations.

A. should prepare for population aging

B. don¡¯t see population aging as an issue

C. are facing urgent situations of population aging

D. have better ways to deal with population aging

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