题目内容
E
If you don’t have a college degree, you’re at greater risk of developing memory problems or even Alzheimer’s （老年痴呆）．Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder, and it's well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive（认知的） advantage over their less educated counterparts in middle and old age．
Now, a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures．
“The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite impressive, but we do not clearly understand how and why these effects last so long,” said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist．She suggested that higher education may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile （敏捷地）．
But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory．The study found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference．“Among individuals with low education, those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or more had memory scores similar to people with more education,” said Lachman．
The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3,343 men and women between the ages of 32 and 84 with a mean age of 56 years．Almost 40 percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree．The researchers evaluated how the participants performed in two cognitive areas, verbal memory and executive function --- brain processes involved in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility．Participants were given a battery of tests, including tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting．
As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did better on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman．
“The findings are promising because they suggest there may be ways to level the playing field for those with lower educational achievement, and protect those at greatest risk for memory declines,” said Lachman．“Although we can not rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity （可塑性）, and suggests some degree of personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle．”
57．What is the text mainly about?
A．Higher education has a better cognitive advantage．
B．Better memories result from college degree．
C．Cognitive activity does a mind good．
D．Poor education has more risk of memory declines．
58．According to the result of Margie Lachman’s study, we can conclude that ________．
A．education is responsible for the lifelong memory performance and risk for mental disorder
B．education early in adulthood can be the only route to maintain your memory
C．those with higher education did better on the memory tests than those with lower education
D．an intellectually active lifestyle does help to maintain your memory
59．What do we know about the study called Midlife?
A．Participants each were given a battery to test their memory．
B．The average age of the participants are 56 years old．
C．Participants had to perform in one of the two cognitive areas．
D．One in four of the participants had a 4-year college degree．
60．Why are the findings of the Lachman’s study promising?
A．The lower educated may have the same opportunities to keep up memory．
B．We may have ways to cure the people who have memory declines．
C．Adopting a different lifestyle can control over cognitive functioning．
D．We can find out the possibility to have better memories．
57---60 CDBA
学练快车道口算心算速算天天练系列答案根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Speaking in public is most people’s least favorite thing. The reason is that we are all afraid of making fool of ourselves. .
But stop biting your finger-nails. Public speaking is easy. It’s just plain talking, and you talk all the time. Although I’m basically shy (honest!). I’ve been making speeches and talking on radio and television for more than 30 years. And I can tell you that public speaking is not a “gift” like musical talent , so .Here are some of the lessons I have learned:
Your audience is going to go away with one or two of your main ideas．One or two．Not ten or twenty． ．And if you don't have a clear idea of what you want to say, there's no way your audience will． —how you are going to open, what major points you want to make and how you're going to close．
When I do a radio or TV piece, I often write the last sentence first． ．A strong close is critical; the last thing you say is what your audience will most likely remember．
The standard length of a audio-visual act is usually 12 minutes．If all those performers singing and dancing their hearts out couldn't go on longer without boring the audience, what makes you think you can?
| A. Some people are born to be good at making speech |
| B. Anybody who can talk can speak in public |
| C. Try to relax yourself before making the speech |
| D. The more important the speech is, the more frightened we become |
| E. If you can't express in a sentence or two what you intend to get across, then your speech is not focused well enough. |
| F. When you know where you're heading, you can choose any route to get there |
| G. No matter how long or short your speech is, you've got to get your ideas organized. |
Public speaking and critical thinking
What is critical thinking ? to a certain degree ,it’s a matter of logic （逻辑）—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people ‘s argument and to avoid them in your own ,it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence .
In the broad sense ,critical thinking is focused ,organized thinking –the ability to see clearly
their lationships among ideas. 1 the greatest thinkers ,scientists ,and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.that,too,is critical thinking.
2 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking. If the stucture of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also discovered and confused. If, on the other hand ,the stucture is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter of arraging the ideas your already have. 3
What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 4 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accutately. 5 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class. You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.
If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.
| A．Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves |
| B．This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it. |
| C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech |
| D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas. |
F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways
G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making ,you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。
Swimming cycling, jogging, skiing, dancing, walking or any of dozens of other activities can help your heart. 1. . Whether it is a structured exercise program or just part of your daily routine, all exercise adds up to having a healthier heart. Here are some tips for exercise success.
Choose activities that are fun and add variety. Develop several activities that you can
enjoy. 2.
Wear comfortable, properly fitted shoes and comfortable, loose—fitting clothing appropriate for the weather and the activity.
Find a convenient time and place to do activities. 3. . If you miss an exercise opportunity, work activity into your day another way.
Use music to keep yourself entertained.
4. Decide what kind of support you need. Do you want them to remind you to exercise? Exercise with you regularly or occasionally? Be understanding when you get up early to exercise? Spend time with the children while you exercise? Try not to ask you to change your exercise routine? Share your activity time with others. Ask your family members, friends or co—workers for help.
Don’t overdo it, especially at first. You can slowly increase the time and intensity (强度) of your activities as you become more fit. 5.
Keep a record of your activities. Reward yourself at times. Nothing will inspire you more than success!
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A．Try to make it a habit, but be flexible. |
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B．They all cause you to feel warm and breathe heavily without being out of breath. |
|
C．Be an active role model for your children. |
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D．That way, exercise will never seem boring. |
E. If you are overweight or have a high risk of heart disease, see your doctor for medical advice before exercising.
F. Surround yourself with supportive people.
G. Gradually, work up to exercising on most days of the week for 30—60 minutes.