A NATIONWIDE BESTSELLER It’s likely that everything you learned about America’s ancient history is wrong. The new book, 1491, completely changes our understanding of the Americas before the arrival 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

A NATIONWIDE　BESTSELLER

It’s likely that everything you learned about America’s ancient history is wrong.

The new book, 1491, completely changes our understanding of the Americas before the arrival of Columbus in 1492.

When Columbus landed there were probably more people in the Ameicas than there were in Europe.

The peoples of North America had such healthy lifestyles that as late as the 19^th century they continued to be the tallest people on earth.

Facts have shown that the Americas were populated as long as 33000 years ago.

4000 years ago Mesoamerican farmers developed corn in a feat （技艺）of genetic engineering that still isn’t completely understood.

Comments On 1491

“In the tradition of Jared Diamond& John McPhee, a totally new view of pre-Columbian America.”

------ Richard Rhodes

“Attractively written and really absorbing… Charles C. Mann has produced a book that’s part detective story, part epic（史诗） and part tragedy（悲剧）. He has taken on a vast topic: thousands of years, two huge continents, and cultures.”

------Charles Matthews, San Jase Mercury News

“Powerful and challenging.”

------ Alan Taylor, Washington Post

“A pleasure to read as well as a wonderful education.”

------ Howard Zinn

On the whole, 1491 is a book mainly about Amerca’s _______

A. life-style B. population C. history D. agriculture

Which of the following is NOT TURE about the comments on the book 1491?

A. It is interesting and instructive. B. It is attractive and culturally related.

C. It is challenging and revolutionary. D. It is humorous and persuasive

From this passage, we can learn _______.

A. people settled in the Americas a little earlier than 1492

B. North Americans were the tallest in the 18^th century in the world

C. Mesoamerican farmers knew genetic engineering 5000 years ago

D. the population in the Americas was smaller than that in Europe in 1492

【小题1】C

【小题1】D

【小题1】B

解析:

略

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　A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs – leaving her bed for only brief breaks. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.

　　"I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart – kind of slipping into a depression," said Carla. "I knew that if I didn't get off the dating sites, I'd just keep going," detaching (使脱离) herself further from the outside world.

　　Toebe's conclusion: She felt like she was "addicted" to the Internet. She's not alone.

　　Concern about excessive Internet use isn't new. As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers aroused interest in the subject. But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a study published in CNS Spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at Internet overuse. The American Psychiatric Association may also consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition. And scores of online discussion boards have popped up, on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the Web.

The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults. Like the latest survey, this one was conducted by Stanford University researchers. About 6% of respondents reported that "their relationships suffered because of excessive Internet use." About 9% attempted to conceal "nonessential Internet use," and nearly 4% reported feeling " still occupied by the Internet when offline."

　　"The Internet problem is still in its early stage," said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor. No single online activity is to blame for excessive use, he said. "They're online in chat rooms, checking e-mail, or writing blogs. The problem is not limited to porn (色情) or gambling websites.”

　　“Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but in terms of losses.”said Maressa Orzack. "If it's a loss where you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much."

　　Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U. S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the Center for Internet Behavior.

　　The website for Orzack's center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction:

　　● Having a sense of happiness or excitement while at the computer.

　　● Longing for more and more time at the computer.

　　● Neglect of family and friends.

　　● Feeling empty, depremssed or irritable when not at the computer.

　　● Lying to employers and family about activities.

　　● Inability to stop the activity.

　　● Problems with school or job.

　　Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene (卫生) and sleep disturbances.

　　“People who struggle with Internet overuse maybe depressed or have other mood disorders.” Orzack said. When she discusses Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a "sense of belonging, and escape, excitement and fun," she said. “Some people say relief…because they find themselves so relaxed.”

　　Some parts of the Internet seem to draw people in more than others. Internet gamers spend countless hours competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many sites by posters complaining of a "gaming addiction."

　　Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to four hours every other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games when he was in college. He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention (干预), in which relatives told him he'd gained weight.

　　“There's this whole culture of competition that sucks people in with online gaming, ”said Heidrich, now a father of two. People do it at the expense of everything that was a constant in their lives." Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly “to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check”.

　　Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line:“I have an Internet Addiction.”

　　“I'm self-employed and need the Internet for my work, but I'm failing to accomplish my work, to take care of my home, to give attention to my children,”she wrote in a message sent to the group. “I have no money or insurance to get professional help; I can't even pay my loan and face losing everything.”

　　Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use. "I have a boyfriend now, and I'm not interested in online dating," she said by phone last week. "It's a lot better now."

What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?

　A. Her daughter's repeated complaints.

　B. Tiredness resulting from lack of sleep.

　C. The poorly managed state of her house.

　D. The high financial costs adding up.

What is the main idea of para4?

A. A study claimed to be the first large-scale look at Internet overuse.

B. The American Psychiatric Association plans to list Internet addiction in its edition.

C. There are heated discussions about negative experiences over internet overuse.

D. There is a growing concern towards internet addiction.

According to Professor Maressa Orzack, Internet use would be considered excessive if ______.

　A. it seriously affected family relationships

　B. one visited porn websites frequently

　C. too much time was spent in chat rooms

　D. people got involved in online gambling

According to Orzack, people who struggle with heavy dependence on

the Internet may feel ______.

　A. discouraged B. pressured C. depressed D. puzzled

Andrew Heidrich now visits websites that discuss online gaming addiction to _____.

　A. improve his online gaming skills

　B. control his desire for online gaming

　C. show how good he is at online gaming

　D. exchange online gaming experience

Which of the following best describes the tone(口吻) of the passage ?

A. Humorous B. Ironic C. Objective D. Casual

B
The medical world is gradually realising that the quality of the environment in the hospital may play an important role in helping patients to get better.
As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the museums and into public places, some of the country’s best artists have been called in to change older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings.
These recent movements were first started by one artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital on northeastern England during the early 1970s. He felt that the artist had lost his place in modern society, and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.
A common hospital waiting room might have as many as 5,000 visitors each week. What a better place to hold regular exhibitions of art! The effect is striking. Now in the passages and waiting rooms, the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colours, playful images and restful courtyards.
The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view of garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.
60. Some artists have been gathered to ________.
A. pull down older hospitals and build up new ones
B. make the corners of the hospital building round
C. bring art into hospitals
D. help patients recover from illnesses
61. From this passage, we learn that ________.
A. artists in Britain have completely lost their places in modern society
B. it is encouraged to place art works in British hospitals
C. hospitals in Britain should be changed into art museums
D. patients should be encouraged to learn art
62. After the improvement of the hospital environment, patients ________.
A. need fewer pain killers when recovering from illnesses
B. no longer need drugs to ease their pains
C. needn’t buy any expensive drugs
D. can take fewer pills each time
63. It can be inferred from this passage that ________.
A. hospital artists have done a great deal for patients
B. the role of hospital environment is being recognised
C. hospitals in Britain look more beautiful than those in other countries
D. exhibitions of art in hospitals attract more audience than those in museums

A growing number of health, hunger, and sustainable （可持续的）agriculture groups today announced plans for Food Day-a nationwide campaign to change the way Americans eat and think about food．Food Day will encourage people around the country to sponsor or participate in activities that encourage Americans to “eat real” and support healthy, affordable food grown in a sustainable, humane way．
Organizers hope Food Day will inspire Americans to hold thousands of events in schools, college campuses, houses of worship and even in private homes aimed at fixing America’s food system．A Food Day event could be as small as a parent organizing a vegetable identification contest at a kindergarten class-or as massive as a rally（集会）in a city park, with entertainment and healthy food．Health departments, city councils and other policy makers could use Food Day to launch campaigns, hold hearings, or otherwise address communities food problems．
The campaign will advocate progress toward five central goals:
·Reducing diet-related disease by promoting healthy foods．The American diet is too low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and too high in fatty meat, soft drinks and salty packaged and restaurant foods-contributing to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths each year．
·Supporting sustainable farms and stopping subsidies to agribusiness．Billions of federal dollars a year would be better spent helping environmentally conscious family farmers than hugeagribusiness operations．
·Expanding access to food and alleviating hunger．Far too many Americans don’t know where their next meal is coming from, or have access to fresh produce in their neighborhood．
·Reforming factory farms to protect animals and the environment．Farming of animals can and should be done without cruelty, and without degrading the quality of life．
·Curbing junk-food marketing to kids．Food companies should not be targeting children with foods that promote tooth decay, obesity and other health problems．
【小题1】What is the best title of the text?

A．Food Day Campaign	B．Eat Real and Keep fit
C．How to Observe Food Day	D．Food Problems in the USA

【小题2】What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

A．Food problems are not easy to deal with．

B．Food Day events should be held in public places．

C．Kindergarten kids are unable to identify vegetables．

D．People are invited to create their own Food Day events．

【小题3】One of the aims of Food Day is to ____．

A．target children with junk food	B．operate more agribusiness
C．increase access to food	D．cancel a series of events

【小题4】The underlined word "curbing" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “ ”．

【小题5】We can infer from the text that _____．

A．Food Day will not help preserve natural resources．

B．Food Day can be an opportunity to solve food problems．

C．Food Day has so far achieved all the central goals．

D．there are different ideas and views about Food Day．

People bury treasure to stop other people from taking it. They choose a quiet place, dig a deep hole and bury the treasure in it. Then they make a map of where the treasure is or write down other clues（线索）that will help them or someone else to find it again.
In Britain a few years ago, a writer wrote about some treasure that he had buried. He put clues in the story to help readers find it. Thousands of people hunted for the treasure. They dug holes all over Britain, hoping to find it.
One of the most popular adventure stories ever written is Robert Louis Stephenson's “Treasured Island”, an exciting story about a young boy, Jim Hawkins, who is captured by pirates (海盗) and later finds some buried treasure.
Then there is the true story about a man who had to travel overseas for a year. He did not trust banks, so he buried his life savings in a park. Then he went away. On his return, he went straight to the park. But the park was no longer there. In its place there was a huge building.
And then there was the man who buried his savings, all in bank notes, in a waterproof（防水的）bag. When he dug it up years later, there was nothing left. Worms and insects had eaten the bag and everything in it.
And of course, these are stories about people who bury things and either forget where they have buried them or lose the map.
Although it is true that people sometimes lose their money because a bank fails, banks are still the safest place to keep our savings and treasures.
【小题1】
People who bury treasure usually .

A．do not trust banks

B．have a little money .

C．want to live in a quiet place.

D．expect to lose it

【小题2】
The writer in Britain .

A．really had buried something.

B．started a nationwide treasure hunt.

C．had lost his treasure and wanted people to help him find it.

D．caused trouble because people dug holes everywhere.

【小题3】
. “Treasure Island” .

A．is a story about pirates.

B．is about the adventures of Jim Hawkins.

C．is the most popular story ever written.

D．is a well-known fairy tale.

【小题4】
The man who buried his money in a park .

A．thought his money was safer there than in a bank.

B．travelled on the sea for a year.

C．got his life savings back again.

D．stayed away longer than he expected.

【小题5】
From these stories we understand that .

A．we cannot trust banks.

B．we should not trust anyone.

C．a waterproof bag is not proof against worms and insects.

D．insects eat anything.

Federal regulators(调整者) Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergence alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.

Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry's trade association, CTIA, estimates（估计） more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.

The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.

"The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies," FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan.

Participation in the alert system by carriers –telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.

The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.

There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.

The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. The second would involve "approaching threats," which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction (绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.

The service could be in place by 2010.

1.What is the purpose of the approved plan?

A. To warn people of emergencies via messages.

B. To popularize the use of cell phones.

C. To estimate the monthly number of messages.

D. To promote the wireless industry.

2.The improvement to the present system is in the charge of ____.

A. CTIA B. the Warning Alert and Response Network

C. FCC D. federal regulators

3.The carriers’ participation in the system is determined by _____.

A. the US federal government B. mobile phone users

C. the carriers themselves D. the law of the United States

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry

C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon

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