Columbia, can be easily guessed, was named in memory of Columbus, who discovered America in 1492 A.as B. what C. that D. it 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Columbia, ________ can be easily guessed, was named in memory of Columbus, who discovered America in 1492

A.as　　　　　　 B. what　　　　　 C. that　　　　　　 D. it

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Honeybees are disappearing for unknown reasons around the United States．Last winter, bees disappeared from 23 percent of American beekeeping businesses．Causes of the phenomenon, however, have remained a mystery．

Now, scientists from several universities and the United States Department of Agriculture say they have a possible explanation for the bee decline（数量下降）．It is a little known virus called Israeli acute--paralysis virus （IAPV）．The virus kills bees．Researchers in Israel first described it in 2004 , but until now, bee experts hadn’t paid much attention to it．

When trying to find out why the bees were disappearing, a research team at Columbia University studied bee colonies （群体）, some with and the others without decline．The research turned up large numbers of two types of fungi （真菌） once suspected of causing the bee decline．The research results, however, showed that the fungi were almost as common in colonies without a decline as they were in colonies with a decline．The researchers concluded that the two fungi probably weren’t the cause．

Studies of the presence of IAPV, however, showed more interesting information．In those studies, done by a team at Pennsylvania State University in University Park, the virus showed up in 83 percent of samples from colonies with symptoms （症状）．Only five percent of samples from symptomless colonies had it．

Scientists still don’t know whether IAPIV can single--handedly cause the bee decline．They believe that even if the virus is making colonies sick , it could have a partner in crime．It’s possible, for instance, that insects or chemicals in the environment weaken bees, making them more likely to catch IAPV．

Scientists are still trying to figure out how IAPV came to the United States．The United States currently allows bee products to be imported from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand．If it turns out that this trade is spreading disease, the rules might eventually change．

According to the passage ，IAPV is a virus that ______．

A．hasn’t attracted much attention

B．well-known to doctors and scientist

C．was first found by Austrian researchers

D．is dangerous to animals and human beings

The underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph probably means______．

A．the virus could also cause other damages

B．there must be something that is the real cause

C．IAPV is not the only cause for the bee decline

D．the virus may be caused by the polluted environment

From the third and fourth paragraphs, we know researchers draw their conclusions by means of _______．

A．calculating B．comparing C．examining D．investigating

What still remains unknown to American scientists according to the passage?

A．How and why to kill IAPV．

B．How IAPV came to America．

C．Whether bee products should be imported．

D．How to change the rules of the bee products trade．

The best title for this passage would be _____．

A．Bee Disease B．How to Kill IAPV

C．A Virus—IAPV D．Two Types of Fungi

WASHINGTON — Money can buy happiness, but only if you spend it on someone else, according to researchers.

Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School found on Thursday.

Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably happier when they spent money on others --- even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier.

“We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn,” said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia.

They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity.

“Regardless of how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not,” Dunn said in a statement.

Dunn’s team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus of between $3,000 and $8,000.

“Employees who devoted more of their bonus to pro-social spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself,” they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science.

“Finally, participants who were randomly (随机地) required to spend money on others experienced greater happiness than those required to spend money on themselves,” they said.

They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it. Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it.

“These findings suggest that very minor adjustment in spending allocations (分配) --- as little as $5 --- may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day,” Dunn said.

This could also explain why people are no happier even though US society is richer.

“Indeed, although real incomes have increased dramatically in recent decades, happiness levels have remained largely flat within developed countries across time,” they wrote.

Dune’s experiment on 630 Americans was to ________.

A. help people make careful plans for their money B. encourage people to be generous to others

C. see how to spend money is important to happiness D. test whether $5 is enough to buy happiness

What can we conclude according to the experiment?

A. Happiness largely depends on the size of your bonus money.

B. Happiness, as a matter of fact, has nothing to do with money.

C. The more money you give away, the happier person you will be.

D. Spending money for the good of society will make you happier.

How many different ways are used by the researchers to test their theory?

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.

The last sentence of the passage means _______.

A. happiness does not necessary increase as money grows

B. people in richer countries actually have more problems

C. fast economic growth has a bad effect on people’s life

D. great increase of income contributes to keeping happiness level stable

Drawings of human colonies on other planets often picture the entire community under a glass or plastic bubble. The bubble is intended to create an atmosphere with adequate oxygen and other essential elements. But similar bubble-like structures have also been constructed on earth. One of the most famous, and controversial, is a site in the Arizona desert.

Biosphere 2, as it is called, was built not far from Tucson in 1984 and is now run by Columbia University. This huge（7,200,000-cubic-foot）glass and steel construction contains several separate ecosystems, including a desert, a rain forest, and a 900,000-gallon “ocean.” The climatic conditions-humidity, temperature, air quality-are regulated by sensors and can be adjusted as needed or desired. For example, a rainstorm can be created to increase the humidity. The adjustable features of Biosphere 2 make it an ideal location to perform experiments to help determine the effects of such climatic changes as global warming.

The current conditions at Biosphere 2 are vastly different from those in 1993, when eight people who had moved into the environment with great fanfare two years earlier moved out in failure. Though promising to be self-sufficient（自足的）, these “colonists” had so much trouble regulating the environment that they reportedly had food smuggled into them. Oxygen levels became dangerously low; most plants and animals died. In taking over the unsuccessful site, Columbia hopes to erase its notorious past by focusing on small research projects that gradually answer some of Biosphere 1’s — that is, Earth’s most basic environment questions.

1.This passage primarily deals with _________.

A．conditions of life in Biosphere 2

B．building controlled environments on other planets

C．why Biosphere 2 failed in the past

D．what makes a good biosphere colonist

2.Biosphere 2 is now run by _________.

A．a group of eight colonists

B．Columbia University

C．the city of Tucson

D．scientists who hope to establish Biosphere 3

3.The passage suggests that earlier colonists of Biosphere 2 _________.

A．did not like living in a controlled environment

B．found it very difficult to live in a controlled environment

C．still are involved with Biosphere 2

D．have now left the country in disgrace

4.The writer helps you understand what Biosphere 2 is like by _________.

A．comparing its features with those of an outer space biosphere

B．explaining the process by which it was constructed

C．referring to an interview with one of former inhabitants

D．describing its appearance and conditions

5.In paragraph 3 the word “notorious” means _________.

A．well known for something good	B．well known for something bad
C．very dangerous	D．quite interesting

Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.

　 In the early years, these schools were much alike(*similar).Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated(*毕业),most of them became ministers or teachers.

　In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard’s law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began teaching American history.

　As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.

　Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There’s so much to learn that one kind of school can’t offer it all.

1.The oldest university in the US is _________.

　A.Yale 　　 B.Harvard 　　 C.Princeton 　　D.Columbia

2. From the second paragraph, we can see that in the early years,______.

　A.those colleges and universities were the same

　B.people, young or old, might study in the colleges

　C.students studied only some languages and science

　D.when the students finished their school, they became lawyers or teachers

3. Modern languages the Harvard taught in 1825 were ________.

　A.Latin and Greek B.Latin, Green, French and German

　C.American history and German D.French and German

4.As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach_______.

　A.everything that was known B.law and something about medicine

　C.many new subjects D.the subjects that interested students

5. On the whole, the passage is about___________.

　A.how to start a university 　B.the world-famous colleges in America

　C.how colleges have changed D.what kind of lesson each college teaches

Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent（潜流） of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will appear, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from Isaac Newton.

Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn't been born yet, or is a baby now. That's because the search for a unified theory that would explain all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created after the problem can be solved.

But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein appearing anytime soon. For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein's day, there were a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theorists who could argue with Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare. Education is different, too. One key aspect of Einstein's training that-is little noticed is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager --- Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently about space and time and it wasn't long before he became a philosopher himself.

And Einstein was a clever musician. The interplay between music and math is well-known. Einstein would play his violin hard as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.

Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren't many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills. Those who stay in science don’t work alone and they sometimes do experiment together which takes years.

It's hard to imagine a renegade(背叛者) like Einstein standing it. “Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”

1.According to the second paragraph, the next Einstein will ___________.

A．have to create new math	B．create a unified theory
C．have to be born now	D．push math to its limits

2. The underlined words “knotty” in the fourth paragraph means ____________.

A．easy

B．interesting

C．strange

D．difficult

3. Which of the following will be useful for the next Einstein to be born?

A．There will be music around.

B．There will be no problems to solve.

C．There will be suitable philosophy to study.

D．There are only a few physicists.

4.The bold words “unified theory” in Paragraph 2 refers to ___________.

A．agreement	B．mathematical rule
C．unique idea	D．physical saying

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