ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ú¾Æø»¯ºÍÒº»¯Ê¹ÆäµÃÒԹ㷺ӦÓã®
¹¤ÒµÉÏÏȽ«Ãº×ª»¯ÎªCO£¬ÔÙÀûÓÃCOºÍË®ÕôÆø·´Ó¦ÖÆH2ʱ£¬´æÔÚÒÔÏ·´Ó¦£º
CO£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©?CO2£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©
£¨1£©Ïò1LºãÈÝÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷½í³äÈëCOºÍH2O£¨g£©£¬t¡æÊ±²âµÃ²¿·ÖÊý¾ÝÈçÏÂ±í£®
Ôò¸ÃζÈÏ·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£ÊýK= £®
£¨2£©ÏàͬζÈÏ£¬ÈôÏò2LºãÈÝÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈëlmolCO¡¢4molH2O£¨g£©¡¢2molCO2¡¢2molH2£¬´ËʱvÕý vÄæ£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°=¡±»ò¡°£¼¡±£©£®
£¨3£©ÒÑÖªCO£¨g£©¡¢H2£¨g£©¡¢CH3OH£¨1£©µÄȼÉÕÈÈ·Ö±ðΪa kJ/mol¡¢b kJ/mol¡¢c kJ/mol£®
ÀûÓÃCO¡¢H2ºÏ³ÉCH3OH£¨1£©µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º
CO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨l£©¡÷H= £®
£¨4£©ÒÀ¾Ý»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÔÀí£¬·ÖÎöÔö¼Óѹǿ¶Ô£¨3£©ÖÐÖÆ±¸¼×´¼·´Ó¦µÄÓ°Ïì £®
£¨5£©ÒÑÖª³£ÎÂÏÂHCOOHµÄµçÀë³£ÊýΪKa=2¡Á10-4£¬ÔòHCOO-µÄË®½â·´Ó¦HCOO-+H2O?HCOOH+OH-µÄƽºâ³£ÊýΪKh= £®
£¨6£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬½«amol/LµÄHCOOHÈÜÒºÓë
mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÏÔ ÐÔ£¨Ìî¡°Ëᡱ¡¢¡°¼î¡±»ò¡°ÖС±£©£¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖи÷Àë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ £®
£¨7£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬ÔÚa mol/LµÄHCOOHÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëµÈÌå»ýµÄbmol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒºÖÁÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖÐHCOOHµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ £®
¹¤ÒµÉÏÏȽ«Ãº×ª»¯ÎªCO£¬ÔÙÀûÓÃCOºÍË®ÕôÆø·´Ó¦ÖÆH2ʱ£¬´æÔÚÒÔÏ·´Ó¦£º
CO£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©?CO2£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©
£¨1£©Ïò1LºãÈÝÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷½í³äÈëCOºÍH2O£¨g£©£¬t¡æÊ±²âµÃ²¿·ÖÊý¾ÝÈçÏÂ±í£®
| t/min | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| n£¨H2O£©/mol | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| n£¨CO£©/mol | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
£¨2£©ÏàͬζÈÏ£¬ÈôÏò2LºãÈÝÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈëlmolCO¡¢4molH2O£¨g£©¡¢2molCO2¡¢2molH2£¬´ËʱvÕý
£¨3£©ÒÑÖªCO£¨g£©¡¢H2£¨g£©¡¢CH3OH£¨1£©µÄȼÉÕÈÈ·Ö±ðΪa kJ/mol¡¢b kJ/mol¡¢c kJ/mol£®
ÀûÓÃCO¡¢H2ºÏ³ÉCH3OH£¨1£©µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º
CO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨l£©¡÷H=
£¨4£©ÒÀ¾Ý»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÔÀí£¬·ÖÎöÔö¼Óѹǿ¶Ô£¨3£©ÖÐÖÆ±¸¼×´¼·´Ó¦µÄÓ°Ïì
£¨5£©ÒÑÖª³£ÎÂÏÂHCOOHµÄµçÀë³£ÊýΪKa=2¡Á10-4£¬ÔòHCOO-µÄË®½â·´Ó¦HCOO-+H2O?HCOOH+OH-µÄƽºâ³£ÊýΪKh=
£¨6£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬½«amol/LµÄHCOOHÈÜÒºÓë
| a |
| 2 |
£¨7£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬ÔÚa mol/LµÄHCOOHÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëµÈÌå»ýµÄbmol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒºÖÁÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÖÐHCOOHµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ
¿¼µã£º»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâµÄ¼ÆËã,Èõµç½âÖÊÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÖеĵçÀëÆ½ºâ
רÌ⣺
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©Í¼±íÊý¾Ý·ÖÎö£¬·´Ó¦ÔÚ4min´ïµ½Æ½ºâ£¬ÒÀ¾Ýƽºâ³£Êý¸ÅÄî¼ÆË㣬ÓÃÉú³ÉÎïÆ½ºâŨ¶ÈµÄÃݴη½³Ë»ý³ýÒÔ·´Ó¦ÎïµÄƽºâŨ¶ÈµÄÃݴη½³Ë»ý¼ÆËãµÃµ½£»
£¨2£©ÒÀ¾Ý·´Ó¦µÄŨ¶ÈÉ̼ÆËãºÍ¸ÃÎÂ¶ÈµÄÆ½ºâ³£Êý±È½Ï·ÖÎöÅжϷ´Ó¦½øÐеķ½Ïò£»
£¨3£©ÒÀ¾ÝÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽºÍ¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɼÆËãµÃµ½ËùÐèÈÃÈÈѧ·½³Ìʽ£»
£¨4£©¸ù¾Ýѹǿ¶Ô»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâÒÆ¶¯ºÍ·´Ó¦ËÙÂʵÄÓ°Ïì֪ʶÀ´»Ø´ð£»
£¨5£©Ð´³ö´×ËáµçÀëÆ½ºâ³£Êý¡¢´×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½âƽºâ³£Êý£¬Ë®µÄÀë×Ó»ý³£Êý½øÐбȽϣ¬´Ó¶øµÃ³ö¹ØÏµÊ½£¬½øÐмÆËã¼´¿É£»
£¨6£©½«amol/LµÄHCOOHÈÜÒºÓë
mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏºó£¬µÃµ½µÄÊǼ×ËáºÍ¼×ËáÄÆµÄ»ìºÏÎ¾Ý´Ë»Ø´ðÅжϣ»
£¨7£©¸ù¾ÝÈÜÒºÖеĵçºÉÊØºãÒÔ¼°ÎïÁÏÊØºã֪ʶÀ´¼ÆË㣮
£¨2£©ÒÀ¾Ý·´Ó¦µÄŨ¶ÈÉ̼ÆËãºÍ¸ÃÎÂ¶ÈµÄÆ½ºâ³£Êý±È½Ï·ÖÎöÅжϷ´Ó¦½øÐеķ½Ïò£»
£¨3£©ÒÀ¾ÝÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽºÍ¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɼÆËãµÃµ½ËùÐèÈÃÈÈѧ·½³Ìʽ£»
£¨4£©¸ù¾Ýѹǿ¶Ô»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâÒÆ¶¯ºÍ·´Ó¦ËÙÂʵÄÓ°Ïì֪ʶÀ´»Ø´ð£»
£¨5£©Ð´³ö´×ËáµçÀëÆ½ºâ³£Êý¡¢´×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½âƽºâ³£Êý£¬Ë®µÄÀë×Ó»ý³£Êý½øÐбȽϣ¬´Ó¶øµÃ³ö¹ØÏµÊ½£¬½øÐмÆËã¼´¿É£»
£¨6£©½«amol/LµÄHCOOHÈÜÒºÓë
| a |
| 2 |
£¨7£©¸ù¾ÝÈÜÒºÖеĵçºÉÊØºãÒÔ¼°ÎïÁÏÊØºã֪ʶÀ´¼ÆË㣮
½â´ð£º
½â£º£¨1£©·ÖÎöͼ±íÊý¾Ý£¬4min´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬£¬
CO£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©?CO2£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©
ÆðʼÁ¿£¨mol/L£© 0.4 0.6 0 0
±ä»¯Á¿£¨mol/L£© 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
ƽºâÁ¿£¨mol/L£© 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2
K=
=0.5£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.5£»
£¨2£©ÈôÏò2LºãÈÝÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈëlmolCO¡¢4molH2O£¨g£©¡¢2molCO2¡¢2molH2£¬Å¨¶ÈÉÌQ=
=1£¾K=0.5£¬·´Ó¦ÄæÏò½øÐУ¬´Ëʱv£¨Õý £©£¼v£¨Ä棩£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»
£¨3£©ÒÑÖªÒÑÖªCO£¨g£©¡¢H2£¨g£©¡¢CH3OH£¨1£©µÄȼÉÕÈÈ·Ö±ðΪa kJ/mol¡¢b kJ/mol¡¢c kJ/mol£®
CO£¨g£©+
O2£¨g£©?CO2£¨g£©¡÷H=-akJ?mol-1 ¢Ù
2H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©?2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-2bkJ?mol-1 ¢Ú
CH3OH£¨l£©+
O2£¨g£©?CO2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷Hl=-ckJ?mol-1 ¢Û
ÒÀ¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ¢Ù+¢Ú-¢ÛµÃµ½CO¡¢H2»¯ºÏÖÆµÃҺ̬¼×´¼µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£ºCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©=CH3OH£¨l£©¡÷H=£¨c-a-2b£©kJ/mol£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¨c-a-2b£©kJ/mol£»
£¨4£©¶ÔÓÚÆ½ºâ£ºCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨l£©£¬Ôö´óѹǿ£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼӿ죬ͬʱ»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâÕýÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬¼×´¼µÄ²úÂÊ»áÉý¸ß£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼӿ죬¼×´¼µÄ²úÂÊ»áÉý¸ß£»
£¨5£©Ka=
£¬Kh=
£¬Kw=C£¨H+£©?C£¨OH-£©£¬ËùÒÔKa?Kh=Kw£¬Kh=
=5¡Á10-11£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º5¡Á10-11£»
£¨6£©amol/LµÄHCOOHÈÜÒºÓë
mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏºó£¬µÃµ½µÄÊǵÈŨ¶ÈµÄ¼×ËáÄÆºÍ¼×ËáµÄ»ìºÏÎÈÜÒºÏÔʾËáÐÔ£¬¼×ËáµÄµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚ¼×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄË®½â³Ì¶È£¬Àë×ÓŨ¶È´óС˳ÐòÊÇ£ºc£¨HCOO-£©£¾c£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£»¡¡
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºË᣻c£¨HCOO-£©£¾c£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£»¡¡
£¨7£©¸ù¾ÝÈÜÒºÏÔʾÖÐÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔc£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊØºã£¬µÃµ½c£¨HCOO-£©=c£¨Na+£©£¬¸ù¾ÝÎïÁÏÊØºã£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨HCOOH£©=
mol/L£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º
mol/L£®
CO£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©?CO2£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©
ÆðʼÁ¿£¨mol/L£© 0.4 0.6 0 0
±ä»¯Á¿£¨mol/L£© 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
ƽºâÁ¿£¨mol/L£© 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2
K=
| 0.2¡Á0.2 |
| 0.4¡Á0.2 |
£¨2£©ÈôÏò2LºãÈÝÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈëlmolCO¡¢4molH2O£¨g£©¡¢2molCO2¡¢2molH2£¬Å¨¶ÈÉÌQ=
| 1¡Á1 |
| 0.5¡Á2 |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»
£¨3£©ÒÑÖªÒÑÖªCO£¨g£©¡¢H2£¨g£©¡¢CH3OH£¨1£©µÄȼÉÕÈÈ·Ö±ðΪa kJ/mol¡¢b kJ/mol¡¢c kJ/mol£®
CO£¨g£©+
| 1 |
| 2 |
2H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©?2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-2bkJ?mol-1 ¢Ú
CH3OH£¨l£©+
| 3 |
| 2 |
ÒÀ¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ¢Ù+¢Ú-¢ÛµÃµ½CO¡¢H2»¯ºÏÖÆµÃҺ̬¼×´¼µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£ºCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©=CH3OH£¨l£©¡÷H=£¨c-a-2b£©kJ/mol£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¨c-a-2b£©kJ/mol£»
£¨4£©¶ÔÓÚÆ½ºâ£ºCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨l£©£¬Ôö´óѹǿ£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼӿ죬ͬʱ»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâÕýÏòÒÆ¶¯£¬¼×´¼µÄ²úÂÊ»áÉý¸ß£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼӿ죬¼×´¼µÄ²úÂÊ»áÉý¸ß£»
£¨5£©Ka=
| c(CH3COO-)?c(H+) |
| c(CH3COOH) |
| c(CH3COOH)?c(OH-) |
| c(CH3COO-) |
| 10-14 |
| 2¡Á10-4 |
£¨6£©amol/LµÄHCOOHÈÜÒºÓë
| a |
| 2 |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºË᣻c£¨HCOO-£©£¾c£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£»¡¡
£¨7£©¸ù¾ÝÈÜÒºÏÔʾÖÐÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔc£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊØºã£¬µÃµ½c£¨HCOO-£©=c£¨Na+£©£¬¸ù¾ÝÎïÁÏÊØºã£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨HCOOH£©=
| a-b |
| 2 |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º
| a-b |
| 2 |
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÁË»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£Êý¸ÅÄî¡¢»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâÓ°ÏìÒòËØºÍ¼ÆËãµÄÀí½âÓ¦Óá¢ÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС±È½ÏµÈ֪ʶ£¬ÕÆÎÕ»ù´¡ÊǽâÌâ¹Ø¼ü£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
ÏÂÁи÷×éÖеÄÁ½ÖÖÎïÖÊ·¢Éú·´Ó¦£¬µ±·´Ó¦ÎïŨ¶È»òÓÃÁ¿·¢Éú¸Ä±äʱ£¬¶ÔÉú³ÉÎïûÓÐÓ°ÏìµÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
| A¡¢MnO2¹ÌÌåºÍÑÎËá |
| B¡¢CuºÍÏõËá |
| C¡¢ÌúºÍÂÈÆø |
| D¡¢CO2ÓëNaOH |
ÏÂÁзÖ×ÓÖÐÓÐÈý¸öÔ×Ӻˣ¬ÇÒÿ¸ö·Ö×Óº¬Óеĵç×ÓÊýΪ10µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
| A¡¢CO2 |
| B¡¢H2O |
| C¡¢NH3 |
| D¡¢HF |
ÒÑÖªÔ×ÓÐòÊýÒÀ´ÎÔö´óµÄA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢EÎåÖÖÔªËØÎ»ÓÚͬһÖÜÆÚ£¬ÏÂÁйØÓÚ¸ÃÎåÖÖÔªËØËµ·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
| A¡¢ÈôDµÄ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯ÎïµÄË®»¯ÎïÊÇÇ¿ËᣬÔòEÒ»¶¨ÊÇ»îÆÃ·Ç½ðÊô |
| B¡¢ÈôAµÄ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯ÎïµÄË®»¯ÎïÊÇÇ¿¼î£¬ÔòCÒ»¶¨ÊÇ»îÆÃ½ðÊô |
| C¡¢ÈôBÊǽðÊôÔªËØ£¬ÔòCÒ»¶¨Ò²ÊǽðÊôÔªËØ |
| D¡¢ÈôCÊǷǽðÊôÔªËØ£¬ÔòDÒ»¶¨Ò²ÊǷǽðÊôÔªËØ |
ÒÒÏ©¡¢ÒÒȲµÄ»ìºÏÆøÌåÍêȫȼÉÕʱËùÐèO2µÄÌå»ýÊÇÔ»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄ2.8±¶£¬Èô»ìºÏÆøÌåÓë×ãÁ¿µÄH2ÍêÈ«·¢Éú¼Ó³É·´Ó¦£¬ÏûºÄH2µÄÌå»ýÊÇÔ»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
| A¡¢1.2±¶ | B¡¢1.4±¶ |
| C¡¢1.6±¶ | D¡¢1.8±¶ |
ÏÂÁÐÔªËØµÄÔ×ÓÔÚÓëÆäËûÔ×Ó»¯ºÏʱ£¬¼ÈÄÜÐγÉÀë×Ó¼üÓÖÄÜÐγɹ²¼Û¼üµÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
| A¡¢Na | B¡¢K | C¡¢Cl | D¡¢O |