ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
2£®Ñо¿ÁòÔªËØ¼°Æä»¯ºÏÎïµÄÐÔÖʾßÓÐÖØÒªÒâÒ壮£¨1£©¢ÙÁòÀë×ӵĽṹʾÒâͼΪ
¢Ú¼ÓÈÈʱ£¬ÁòÔªËØµÄ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯Îï¶ÔӦˮ»¯ÎïµÄŨÈÜÒºÓëľ̿·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪC+2H2SO4£¨Å¨£©$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$2SO2¡ü+CO2¡ü+2H2O£®
£¨2£©25¡æ£¬ÔÚ0.10mol•L-1H2SÈÜÒºÖУ¬Í¨ÈëHClÆøÌå»ò¼ÓÈëNaOH¹ÌÌåÒÔµ÷½ÚÈÜÒºpH£¬ÈÜÒºpHÓëc£¨S2-£©¹ØÏµÈçͼ£¨ºöÂÔÈÜÒºÌå»ýµÄ±ä»¯¡¢H2SµÄ»Ó·¢£©£®
¢ÙpH=13ʱ£¬ÈÜÒºÖеÄc£¨H2S£©+c£¨HS-£©=0.043mol•L-1£®
¢ÚijÈÜÒºº¬0.020mol•L-1Mn2+¡¢0.10mol•L-1H2S£¬µ±ÈÜÒºPH=5ʱ£¬Mn2+¿ªÊ¼³Áµí£®[ÒÑÖª£ºKsp£¨MnS£©=2.8¡Á10-13]
£¨3£©25¡æ£¬Á½ÖÖËáµÄµçÀëÆ½ºâ³£ÊýÈç±í£®
| Ka1 | Ka2 | |
| H2SO3 | 1.3¡Á10-2 | 6.3¡Á10-8 |
| H2CO3 | 4.2¡Á10-7 | 5.6¡Á10-11 |
¢Ú0.10mol•L-1Na2SO3ÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨SO32-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨HSO3-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£®
¢ÛH2SO3ÈÜÒººÍNaHCO3ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µÄÖ÷ÒªÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪH2SO3+HCO3-=HSO3-+CO2¡ü+H2O£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©¢ÙSÊÇ16ºÅÔªËØ£®SÔ×Ó»ñµÃ2¸öµç×Ó±äΪS2-£¬ÁòÀë×ӵĽṹʾÒâͼΪ£º
£»
¢Ú¼ÓÈÈʱ£¬ÁòÔªËØµÄ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯Îï¶ÔӦˮ»¯ÎïµÄŨÈÜÒºÊÇŨÁòËáÓëľ̿·´Ó¦Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼¡¢¶þÑõ»¯ÁòºÍË®£»
£¨2£©¢ÙpH=13ʱ£¬c£¨S2-£©=5.7¡Á10-2mol/L£¬ÔÚ0.10mol•L-1H2SÈÜÒºÖиù¾ÝÁòÊØºãc£¨H2S£©+c£¨HS-£©+c£¨S2-£©=0.10mol•L-1£»
¢Úµ±Qc=Ksp£¨MnS£©Ê±¿ªÊ¼³Áµí£¬ÓÉ´ËÇó³öÁòÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È£¬½áºÏͼÏóµÃ³ö´ËʱµÄpH£»
£¨3£©¢ÙHSO3-µÄµçÀë·½³ÌʽΪ£ºHSO3-?H++SO32-£¬Æ½ºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽΪK=$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©•c£¨S{O}_{3}^{2-}£©}{c£¨HS{O}_{3}^{2-}£©}$£»
¢ÚNa2SO3ÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬SO32-´æÔÚÁ½²½Ë®½â£¬ÒÔµÚÒ»²½Ë®½âΪÖ÷£¬Ë®½â³Ì¶È½ÏС£¬¾Ý´ËÅжÏÀë×ÓŨ¶È¹ØÏµ£»
¢ÛÓɱí¿ÉÖªH2SO3µÄ¶þ¼¶µçÀëСÓÚH2CO3µÄÒ»¼¶µçÀ룬ÔòËáÐÔÇ¿ÈõH2SO3£¾H2CO3£¾HSO3-£¬ËùÒÔ·´Ó¦µÄÖ÷ÒªÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪH2SO3+HCO3-=HSO3-+CO2¡ü+H2O£¬¶ø²»ÊÇΪH2SO3+2HCO3-=SO32-+2CO2¡ü+2H2O£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©¢ÙSÊÇ16ºÅÔªËØ£®SÔ×Ó»ñµÃ2¸öµç×Ó±äΪS2-£¬ÁòÀë×ӵĽṹʾÒâͼΪ£º
£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º
£»
¢Ú¼ÓÈÈʱ£¬ÁòÔªËØµÄ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯Îï¶ÔӦˮ»¯ÎïµÄŨÈÜÒºÊÇŨÁòËáÓëľ̿·´Ó¦Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼¡¢¶þÑõ»¯ÁòºÍË®£¬·´Ó¦µÄ·½³ÌʽΪ£ºC+2H2SO4£¨Å¨£©$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$2SO2¡ü+CO2¡ü+2H2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC+2H2SO4£¨Å¨£©$\frac{\underline{\;\;¡÷\;\;}}{\;}$2SO2¡ü+CO2¡ü+2H2O£»
£¨2£©¢ÙpH=13ʱ£¬c£¨S2-£©=5.7¡Á10-2mol/L£¬ÔÚ0.10mol•L-1H2SÈÜÒºÖиù¾ÝÁòÊØºãc£¨H2S£©+c£¨HS-£©+c£¨S2-£©=0.10mol•L-1£¬ËùÒÔc£¨H2S£©+c£¨HS-£©=0.1-5.7¡Á10-2=0.043mol/L£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.043£»
¢Úµ±Qc=Ksp£¨MnS£©Ê±¿ªÊ¼³Áµí£¬ËùÒÔc£¨S2-£©=$\frac{Ksp£¨MnS£©}{c£¨M{n}^{2+}£©}$=$\frac{2.8¡Á1{0}^{-13}}{0.020}$=1.4¡Á10-11mol/L£¬½áºÏͼÏóµÃ³ö´ËʱµÄpH=5£¬ËùÒÔpH=5ʱÃÌÀë×Ó¿ªÊ¼³Áµí£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º5£»
£¨3£©¢ÙHSO3-µÄµçÀë·½³ÌʽΪ£ºHSO3-?H++SO32-£¬Æ½ºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽΪK=$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©c£¨S{{O}_{3}}^{2-}£©}{c£¨HS{{O}_{3}}^{-}£©}$£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©c£¨S{{O}_{3}}^{2-}£©}{c£¨HS{{O}_{3}}^{-}£©}$£»
¢ÚNa2SO3ÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬SO32-´æÔÚÁ½²½Ë®½â£ºSO32-+H2O?HSO3-+OH-£¬HSO3-+H2O?H2SO3+OH-£¬ÒÔµÚÒ»²½Ë®½âΪÖ÷£¬Ë®½â³Ì¶È½ÏС£¬Ôò0.1mol/L Na2SO3ÈÜÒºÖеÄÀë×ÓŨ¶È˳ÐòΪ£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨SO32-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨HSO3-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨SO32-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨HSO3-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£»
¢ÛÓɱí¿ÉÖªH2SO3µÄ¶þ¼¶µçÀëСÓÚH2CO3µÄÒ»¼¶µçÀ룬ËùÒÔËáÐÔÇ¿ÈõH2SO3£¾H2CO3£¾HSO3-£¬ËùÒÔ·´Ó¦µÄÖ÷ÒªÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪH2SO3+HCO3-=HSO3-+CO2¡ü+H2O£¬¶ø²»ÊÇΪH2SO3+2HCO3-=SO32-+2CO2¡ü+2H2O£®¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºH2SO3+HCO3-=HSO3-+CO2¡ü+H2O£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÔªËØÔ×ӽṹʾÒâͼµÄÊéд¡¢ÎïÖÊÐÔÖʵĻ¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊéд¡¢ÑεÄË®½âƽºâ¡¢Èõµç½âÖʵçÀëÆ½ºâ¡¢³ÁµíÈÜ½âÆ½ºâµÄ֪ʶÔÚÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС±È½ÏµÄÓ¦Óã®
| A£® | ¸ÃÏû¶¾Òº¿ÉÓÃNaOHÈÜÒºÎüÊÕCl2ÖÆ±¸£ºCl2+2OH-¨TClO-+Cl?+H2O | |
| B£® | ¸ÃÏû¶¾ÒºµÄpHԼΪ12£ºClO-+H2O?HClO+OH-? | |
| C£® | ¸ÃÏû¶¾ÒºÓë½à²ÞÁ飨Ö÷Òª³É·ÖΪHCl£©»ìÓ㬲úÉúÓж¾Cl2£º2H++Cl-+ClO-¨TCl2¡ü+H2O | |
| D£® | ¸ÃÏû¶¾Òº¼Ó°×´×Éú³ÉHClO£¬¿ÉÔöǿƯ°××÷ÓãºCH3COOH+ClO-¨THClO+CH3COO-? |
| A£® | X¡¢YºÍZ¾ùÄÜʹäåË®ÍÊÉ« | |
| B£® | XºÍZ¾ùÄÜÓëNaHCO3ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦·Å³öCO2 | |
| C£® | Y¼ÈÄÜ·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦£¬Ò²ÄÜ·¢Éú¼Ó³É·´Ó¦ | |
| D£® | Y¿É×÷¼Ó¾Û·´Ó¦µ¥Ì壬X¿É×÷Ëõ¾Û·´Ó¦µ¥Ìå |
| A£® | ¾ÛÂÈÒÒÏ©·Ö×ÓÖк¬Ì¼Ì¼Ë«¼ü | B£® | ÒÔµí·ÛΪÔÁÏ¿ÉÖÆÈ¡ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ | ||
| C£® | ¶¡ÍéÓÐ3ÖÖͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ìå | D£® | ÓÍÖ¬µÄÔí»¯·´Ó¦ÊôÓڼӳɷ´Ó¦ |
| A£® | XÊǵçÔ´µÄ¸º¼« | |
| B£® | Òõ¼«µÄ·´Ó¦Ê½ÊÇ£ºH2O+2e-¨TH2+O2-£¬CO2+2e-¨TCO+O2- | |
| C£® | ×Ü·´Ó¦¿É±íʾΪ£ºH2O+CO2$\frac{\underline{\;ͨµç\;}}{\;}$H2+CO+O2 | |
| D£® | Òõ¡¢ÑôÁ½¼«Éú³ÉµÄÆøÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈÊÇ1£º1 |
| Y | Z | ||
| X | W |
| A£® | Ô×Ó°ë¾¶£ºX£¼Y£¼Z | |
| B£® | ÆøÌ¬Ç⻯ÎïµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ£ºX£¾Z | |
| C£® | Z¡¢W¾ù¿ÉÓëMgÐγÉÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎï | |
| D£® | ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯Îï¶ÔӦˮ»¯ÎïµÄËáÐÔ£ºY£¾W |
| A£® | ·Ö×ÓʽΪS4N4 | B£® | ·Ö×ÓÖмÈÓм«ÐÔ¼üÓÖÓзǼ«ÐÔ¼ü | ||
| C£® | ÈÛµãµÍÓÚͬÀྦྷÌåS2N2 | D£® | È۷еãµÍ£¬Ó²¶È½ÏС |