【题目】B

（2017·浙江）Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.

The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.

The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings（版画） by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.

In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said,＂Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.＂While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.

【1】What is the text mainly about?

A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.

B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.

C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.

D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.

【2】 What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?

A. The cat would be closely watched.

B. The cat would get some medical care.

C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.

D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.

【3】What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?

A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.

B. He provided him with painting materials.

C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.

D. He taught him how to make engravings.

【4】 Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to ________.

A. master the use of paints

B. appreciate landscape paintings

C. get to know other painters

D. make up his mind to be a painter

【题目】句型转换。

把下面的句子改成被动语态（每空一词）。

【1】The government is making great efforts to improve the living conditions of the people.

→Great efforts ________ ________ ________ to improve the living conditions of the people by the government.

【2】The farmers are cutting down the trees in this area so quickly that the wild animals may lose their homes in the near future.

→The trees in this area ________ ________ ________ ________ by the farmers so quickly that the wild animals may lose their homes in the near future.

【3】People are hunting too many animals these years in some places.

→Too many animals ________ ________ ________ by people these years in some places.

【4】 The teacher is correcting the papers in her office.

→The papers ________ ________ ________ by the teacher in her office.

【5】 Our headmaster is preparing a speech now.

→A speech ________ ________ ________ by our headmaster now.

【6】The family are building a new house over there.

→A new house ________ ________ ________ by the family over there.

【7】The doctors are operating on his left leg.

→His left leg ________ ________ ___________ _____ by the doctors.

【8】 We are sending soldiers to rescue them now.

→Soldiers ________ ________ ________ by us to rescue them now.

【9】 They are discussing whether they will go for a picnic tomorrow.

→Whether they will go for a picnic tomorrow ________ ________ ________ by them.

【10】 Lucy is carrying a heavy box full of books.

→A heavy box full of books ________ ________ ________ by Lucy.

【题目】A

(2016·浙江)A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world, and the baby is, well, just playing…right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists(心理学家) have argued that this ＂play＂ is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.

Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground — and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact (相互作用): bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).

Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way—that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.

Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it,＂ It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.＂

【1】According to some developmental psychologists, .

A. a baby’s play is nothing more than a game

B. scientific research into babies’ games is possible

C. the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated

D. a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment

【2】We learn from Paragraph 2 that .

A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently

B. scientists and babies often interact with each other

C. babies are born with the knowledge of object /span>support

D. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do

【3】Children may learn the rules of language by .

A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychology

C. repeating their own experiments D. observing their parents’ behaviors

【4】What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.

B. Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.

C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.

D. One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.

【5】 What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research and babies’ play?

A. Convincing. B. Confused.

C. Confident. D. Cautious.

【题目】单词拼写。

结合语境，根据汉语或首字母提示用单词的适当形式填空。

【1】The problem to be discussed at the meeting next week is of great ________ (重要性).

【2】In the past three months the northern area has been ________ (影响) by the coldness.

【3】As you know, we should pay special attention to the ________ (保护) of these young trees.

【4】During the camping trip, children learned to _______ (打猎) and fish, which gave them the chance to be close to nature.

【5】The United Nations reports the number of attacks against foreigners has ________ (减少) in the past few days.

【6】The key differences are that their food _______ (含有) much less fat and sugar.

【7】There can be no doubt that you will _______ (成功) in your research about education methods.

【8】Some people believe that computers will become more ___________ (强大的) than the human brain.

【9】Although cultures have many of the same social backgrounds, they may _______ (使用) different rules.

【10】I’d a_________ it if you could let me know whether or not you will come tomorrow.

【11】It is c_______ that he will hand over his business to his son when he gets old.

【12】Long time work will do h________ to your brain; it may result in headache and other diseases.

【13】When natural disasters like earthquakes happen, there’s always a great need for us to r_______ to it quickly.

【14】I agree that d__________ education is an important way for students to get in touch with foreign culture.

【15】The l________ of farmland is harmful to crops, farmers as span>well as the national interests.

【题目】(2013 浙江卷)When the group discussion is nearing it send, make sure to ________ it with important points.

A. conclude B. lead

C. avoid D. hold

【题目】Parents should actively urge their children to _________ the opportunity to join sports teams.

A. gain admission to B. keep track of

C. take advantage of D. give rise to

【题目】(2016 浙江卷改编)The study suggests that the cultures we ________(grow) in influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.

【题目】选词填空。

根据语境，用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。（每个短语仅使用一次）

【1】When she was told her son would recover from the illness soon, she left the hospital ________.

【2】She did not ___________ our request for further information on Wednesday.

【3】How many times should I tell you that you need to __________________ your writing?

【4】Because of humans’ destroying the forest, many species are ____________.

【5】A greenhouse is a glass building in which you grow plants that need to _________ bad weather.

【6】This kind of bird is rarely seen in the area because they are being hunted _________ by people.

【7】But for the workers’ help, we should not have ____________ this experiment.

【8】We hope the new century will be a century in which people of all nations live ____________.

【9】Many schools were _____________ closing because the children were sent to bigger cities.

【10】Upon hearing the funny story, everybody _____________.

【题目】 (2016 天津卷改编)I told her she shouldn’t swim after a whole night’s coughing, but she refused to ________ and insisted she go.

A. take off B. set off

C. give up D. show up

【题目】单句语法填空。

根据语境，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

【1】So, what can women do to protect themselves ________ heart disease?

【2】— You can’t imagine ________ fantastic fun web chatting is.

— Really? But it may cause a lot of trouble sometimes.

【3】I was at ________ loss for words when he told me the bad news.

【4】________ foolish what the six blind men said sounded!

【5】Although ________ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own.

【6】Elephants would die ________ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.

【7】He suggested the problem worth paying attention to ________ (discuss) at the meeting.

【8】None of us appreciate ________ (make) fun of in our daily life.

【9】The film was ________ great success, ________ received several awards at home and abroad.

【10】—Ouch! You hurt me!

—I am sorry. But I didn’t mean any harm. I ________ (try) to drive a rat out.