Many objects that people use each day started with a simple idea.These objects have often changed the way we   1   .Some help us to do a job more   2  .Others fill a need or solve a problem.

   In 1858 H.L.Lipman had such an  3  .He took out a pencil, a piece of paper ,  4 an eraser. Then he began to write .Sometimes he needed to  5   a word . Each time the had to search under his books and papers to  6   the eraser .“I wish my eraser would stay in one  7 !”he said.

Then Lipman had his simple idea .He  8  a groove (凹槽)in one end of the pencil .He glied(粘牢)the eraser into this groove .Lipman had solved his problem .Later he thought that others might like to have such a pencil . So he sold his  9 . Soon pencils with erasers were    _10_ . His design earned him $100,000.

1. A.study        B.live         C.sleep        D.walk 

2. A.easily        B.correctly    C.carefully     D.normally

3. A.article        B.aim        C.idea         D.action

4. A.so           B.and        C.but          D.as

5. A.spell         B.read        C.write        D.change

6. A.look         B.see         C.watch        D.find

7. A.place        B.desk        C.book         D.hand

8. A.marked      B.prepared    C.cut          D.invented

9. A.books       B.pencil       C.design       D.eraser

10. A.wonderful   B.expensive   C.colourful     D.common

    DENVER,COORADO——What does it take to be a hero? In the case of five Denver children,it only takes a cry for help.Here’s the story of these five heroes as Gary Lewis, the man they helped,tells it.   

 “I like to work on my old car.It’s my hobby.I wanted to put a new transmission(传动装置)in the car.I put the car up on blocks(大块木头)because I wanted to get under it.I was trying to get the old transmission out when suddenly the car moved forward and fell off the blocks.It came down on my chest.I couldn’t breathe.

 “I tried to shout for help for about five minutes,but I almost could not breathe.Could anyone hear me? Was I going to die? Then all of a sudden I heard some little children from the neighbourhood.They were running to the car and saying,‘What happened,sir?’   

   “Get help,please.I can’t breathe,I told them.One of the children ran to his house  and to1d his mom to call 911.Then, before I knew what was happening,all of the children were around the car. They used every muscle(肌肉)in their bodies to lift(抬起)the car,and I was able to get out from under it.”

Lewis got out from under the car with just a few cuts.He didn’t even have to go to the hospital.“These children are my heroes.”he says.“I don’t know how they did it.but I am lucky to be alive.”   

Raymond Brown,father of two of the children,is very proud of them.“We try to teach them to do the right thing.This shows we’re doing it the right way,I guess,”he says.

1.The car fell off the blocks because         

   A.the children pushed it   

B.it moved forward by itself

C.Gary Lewis moved the blocks  

D.it was driven by someone   

2.Gary Lewis couldn’t breathe because        .   

A.there was a heavy ear on top of him   

B.he was running very fast   

C.he had a bad cold   

D.he was working too hard    

3.Lewis was able to get out from under the car when         

A.the children worked together to lift it up s little bit

B.Raymond Brown came and pulled him out   

C.he pushed the car forward   

D.the police came to his help

Dr. Irene Pepperberg, a scientist at the University of Arizona,has worked with Alex for nineteen years. Teaching Alex to speak and understand wasn’t easy at first.He had to learn one word at a time. Irene and an assistant(助手)would teach Alex by showing him what a word meant.Irene would hold up an object, saying “What’s this?” Her assistant would give the word—“candy”,for example—while Alex watched .Irene would praise(表扬)her assistant, then ask Alex the name for the object.When he got it right,Irene would praise him and give him the object to play with as a reward.It took Alex many weeks to1earn his first word.After that,each new word became easier and easier for him.

Why did Irene spend so much time getting a parrot to talk? Scientists like Irene are interested in discovering how intelligent(聪明)animals are and hew their brains(大脑)work. But studying animal intelligence has always been difficult, partly because animals haven’t been able to communicate(交流)clearly with humans.Teaching Alex to speak words that he understands has let Irene talk to him directly.She can ask him questions,and he can answer them in English.In this way,Irene is finding out what kinds of things Alex’s brain can do.She has found that parrots are much smarter than scientists used to think.

1.According to the passage,how is Alex remarkable(不寻常的)?

  A.He can use the English language to answer questions.

  B.He uses words in English instead of bird calls to call other birds.

  C.He can copy the pronunciations of more than 100 English words.

  D.A1ex has a brain that is much bigger than those of other parrots.

2.How did Dr. Pepperberg teach Alex to speak with understanding?

  A.She said the same word all day long so that Alex could repeat it.

  B.She taught Alex a special sign language.

  C.She gave Alex rewards if he would say what she said.

  D.She gave Alex a candy every time he answered correctly.

3.Why did Dr. Pepperberg teach Alex to speak with understanding?

  A.She wanted to prove it could be done.

  B.She wanted to provide a model for people who want talking birds.

  C.She wanted to find out how many words parrots could remember.

  D.She wanted to find out what kinds of things his brain could do.

4.According to the passage,Alex has proved that      

  A.birds are not the only animals that can learn a language

  B.parrots are much cleverer than scientists used to think

  C.birds age just as intelligent as humans

  D.teaching parrots to speak a human language isn’t very difficult

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