Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it's important to distinguish (区分) television's influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn't really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds.

One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.

Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn't take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents' educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading. "A child's reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads." Anderson says.

Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it's the other way around. "If you're smart young, you'll watch less TV when you're older," Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.

For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally (传统上) believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.

1.An educational program is best watched by a child ________.

A. on his own

B. with other kids

C. with his parents

D. with his teachers

2.Which of the following is most related to children's reading ability?

A. Radio-listening.

B. Television-watching.

C. Parents' reading list.

D. Parents' educational background.

3.Anderson believed that ________.

A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he is

B. the younger a child is, the more he watches TV

C. the smatter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TV

D. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school

4.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To advise on the educational use of TV.

B. To describe TV's harmful effects on children.

C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.

D. To present Anderson's unconventional ideas.

阅读与回答问题。答案不超过五个词。

There was a little boy with a bad temper(脾气).He got angry easily and often shouted at those who loved him.

One day, his father gave him a bag of sssnails(蜗牛) and told him, “Every time you lose your temper, drive(施力于…) a snail into the fence.”

The first day the boy drove 37 ssnails into the fence.Then the number got smaller.The boy found that it was easier to hold his temper than to drive those ssnails into the fence.

Finally the day came when the boy didn’t lose his temper at all.He told his father about it and the father said, “Now, my son, pull out one snail each day when you are able to hold your temper.”

Days passed and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that all the ssnails were gone.The father took his son by the hand, led him to the fence and said, “You have done well, my son, but there are holes in the fence.The fence will never be the same as before.When you are in anger, what you do leaves a scar(伤痕) just like this.You can put a knife into a man and draw it out.No matter how many times you say sorry, the wound is still there.A verbal(口头的) wound is as bad as a physical one.”But we often hurt our family and friends through our angry words.Maybe next time when you feel you are going to lose your temper, take a deep breath(呼吸) to avoid hurting the people we love.

1.Who had a bad temper?

2.What did the father give his son one day?

3.How many ssnails did the boy drive into the fence the first day?

4.What did the boy find much easier?

5.What can you do when you feel you are going to lose your temper?

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