Question

【题目】 Have you ever thought about how much water you use in a day?

Starting February 1st, each person in Cape Town, South Africa received a daily supply of 13 .2 gallons of water which is only enough for a 10 ---minute shower! This restriction (限制) was introduced in preparation for April 22nd, also known as Day Zero, on which the city will turn off all municipal (市政) water taps because of the overuse of fresh water these years.

Over the past three years, Cape Town has suffered from a dangerous drought (干旱). That, along with a growing population of four million people, has caused water---supply drop strongly. As of November 2017, the water level in their largest water reservoir (水库) had dropped to 28% from 102.9% in 2014. That amount is expected to come down to 13 .5% by April 22, 2018.What's worse, the last 10% of the reservoir's levels are not potable (safe to drink) because of the dirt at the bottom.

Firstly, researchers thought the cause of the drought was El Nio. Cape Town could become the first ever major city to run out of water. The government has called on people to conserve the little water they have left by way of prevention, including stopping car washing and filling up swimming pools. They are asking the public to cut showers to two minutes and reuse bathing water to flush the toilet.

When Cape Town reaches Day Zero, there will be 200 water stations scattered(分布) across the town for people to receive their daily supply of 6.6 gallons. Armed guards will stand by to make sure there is no violence(暴力冲突) or theft.

The water shortage has already influenced all parts of Cape Town. People's lives are being affected, with those in the tourism industry and businesses like car washing, seeing no chance to make a living. The relationship between people also becomes worse as neighbors are encouraged to report each other for water waste and the government plans to collect a drought tax(税收) as they are losing tax money because of the low water use.

【1】On April 22nd, people in Cape Town could have only _____ gallons of water for a whole day.

A. 13 .2B. 13 .5C. 10D. 6 .6

【2】The water shortage in Cape Town has become so serious because of ________ over the past three years．

①a dangerous drought ②a growing population

③overuse of fresh water ④fewer water reservoirs

A. ①②③B. ①③④C. ②③④D. ①②④

【3】What does the word conserve in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. produceB. protectC. promiseD. prepare

【4】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The water in the largest water reservoir has already dropped to 10%.

B. Neighbours will learn to help each other when facing the serious problem.

C. Tourism industry and business will not be influenced by the shortage of water.

D. Armed guards will work to help keep the water stations in order when Day Zero comes.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】B

【4】D

【解析】

短文讲述了从2月1日开始，南非开普敦的每个人每天都得到13.2加仑的水，这只够洗10分钟的澡！这一限制是为4月22日，也就是所谓的零日(Day Zero)做准备，在这一天，该市将关闭所有的市政水龙头，因为这些年来淡水的过度使用。人们的生活受到影响，旅游业和洗车等行业的人看不到谋生的机会。人们之间的关系也变得更糟。

【1】细节理解题，根据：“This restriction (限制) was introduced in preparation for April 22nd, also known as Day Zero,这一限制是为4月22日，也就是所谓的零日(Day Zero)做准备”和“When Cape Town reaches Day Zero, there will be 200 water stations scattered(分布) across the town for people to receive the ir daily supply of 6.6 gallons.当开普敦到达零日，将有200个水站分散在全镇，供人们获得6.6加仑的日供水量。”，故选：D。

【2】细节理解题，根据：“Over the past three years, Cape Town has suffered from a dangerous drought (干旱). That, along with a growing population of four million people, has caused water---supply drop strongly.在过去三年中，开普敦遭受了一场危险的干旱。这与400万人口的增长一起，造成了水供应的严重下降。”和“What's worse, the last 10% of the reservoir's levels are not potable (safe to drink) because of the dirt at the bottom.更糟糕的是，由于水库底部的污垢，水库最后10%的水位不能饮用”，故选：A。

【3】词义猜测题，根据下文：“including stopping car washing and filling up swimming pools. They are asking the public to cut showers to two minutes and reuse bathing water to flush the toilet.包括停止洗车和给游泳池加满水。他们要求市民将淋浴时间缩短至两分钟，并重新使用洗澡水冲厕。”，再结合选项A. produce生产；B. protect保护；C. promise许诺；D. prepare准备，故选：B。

【4】正误判断题，根据：“As of November 2017, the water level in their largest water reservoir (水库) had dropped to 28% from 102.9% in 2014. That amount is expected to come down to 13 .5% by April 22, 2018.截至2017年11月，其最大水库的水位已从2014年的102.9%降至28%。预计到2008年4月22日，这一数字将降至13.5%。”，可知选项A错误；“The relationship between people also becomes worse as neighbors are encouraged to report each other for water waste and the government plans to collect a drought tax(税收) as they are losing tax money because of the low water use.人们之间的关系也变得更糟，因为邻居们被鼓励互相报告用水浪费，而政府计划征收干旱税，因为他们因为用水量低而损失了税金。”，可知选项B错误；“People's lives are being affected, with those in the tourism industry and businesses like car washing, seeing no chance to make a living.人们的生活受到影响，旅游业和洗车等行业的人看不到谋生的机会。” 可知选项C错误；“Armed guards will stand by to make sure there is no violence(暴力冲突) or theft.武装警卫将随时待命，以确保没有暴力或盗窃。” 可知选项D正确，故选：D。

细节题

细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。

推断题

推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。

猜测词义题

猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。

1.通过因果关系猜词

通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，ofcourse，therefore等等)表示前因后果

2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词

通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语

正误判断题

正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。一般是根据文章的事实或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。这类题比较直接，难度相对较小。做此类题时，应先看题，后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，寻找所需要的信息。