A Johns Hopkins University researcher, Melville J. Wohlgemuth, noticed that the hats he worked with turned their heads to the side when hunting. "It's a lovely behavior, and I was curious about the purpose, " he said. "I wanted to know when bats were doing this and why. It seemed to happen as hats were targeting prey(瞄准猎物), and that turned out to he the case."

Wohigemuth's team found that a bat's head and ear movements went with the animal's sonar vocalizations(声纳发声)to help it hunt. The findings show how movements can strengthen signals used by senses like sight and hearing-not just in bats, but in dogs and cats, and even in humans.

Bats' use of echo-location(回声定位)to find, locate and catch prey is well documented. But the lead author Wohlgemuth and his team are the first to show how the mysterious head and ear movements influence the hunt.

The researchers used a novel method to study the head and ear movements of the big brown bat, a common bat species. First, researchers trained the bat to sit on a platform while tracking moving prey. After that, the researchers fixed markers to the top of the bat's head and both ears. The markers allowed the team to measure the head and ear positions as the bat tracked the prey moving in various directions.

They found the head movements took place when the prey changed direction or moved unpredictably. The ear movements happened as the prey grew closer, which helped the bat hear the echoes it used to track and catch the prey. Most notably, these head and ear movements went with the bat's vocalizations, allowing the animal to locate where the prey exactly was.

Co-author Cynthia F. Moss said other similar studies missed the importance of head and ear movements, because laboratories usually observed the subject with a fixed head position. That's not how animals operate in the real world, when their heads are free to move.

Moss compared the bat's head and ear movements to those of other species that use active sensing to process important information. "By studying these movements, " she said, "we as humans can get insight into how movements help animals sense their environment."

1.The research of Wohlgemuth and his team is the first to prove that ___________ ·

A.head and ear movements help bats locate the prey

B.animals send signals to help them hunt more quickly

C.humans learn to hunt by copying animals' movements

D.sonar vocalizations can work for both animals and humans

2.The fourth paragraph is mainly about ___________ .

A.how the bat uses head and ear movements to track moving prey

B.how the researchers studied the head and ear movements of the bat

C.how the bat is trained to track the prey by moving its head and ears

D.how the researchers measured the moving hat's head and ear positions

3.Which is the best title for the passage?

A.Bats: A Master of Night Hunting B.Bats: A Model of Fast Movements

C.Bats: An Expert of Exact Location D.Bats: An Example of Mysterious Animals

阅读短文,根据题目要求完成各小题。

“Excuse me! Could you tell me what is the most important day in our lives? Is it the day were born or the day we die? Is it the day we fall in love or the day we are successful?” A young man asked a wise man in the mountain. He wanted to ask for wisdom (智慧) of life.

“None. The most important day in our lives is today.” the wise man replied calmly.

“Why?” the young man was very surprised. “Is it because there is some unusual event taking place today?”

“No. Nothing has happened today.”

“So is it because of my visit?”

“Even if nobody visited me today, today is still very important, because today is the only wealth(财富) we have. No matter how important yesterday is, it has gone by; (73) no matter how wonderful tomorrow may be, it hasn't come; no matter how ordinary and boring today is, it is in our hands.”

The young man still wanted to ask something, but the wise man stopped him and said, “When we are talking about the importance of today, we have wasted a lot of it. That is to say, part of ‘today’ has passed.”

Having understood this, the young man nodded and then went down the mountain.(74) Actually today is the only wealth and chance we have. Therefore, what we should do now is to forget yesterday and tomorrow and catch hold of today!

1.Why did the young man want to visit the wise man?

2.Did the young man get the answer to his question?

(二)将短文中划线的句子译成汉语。

3.___________________________________________

4.___________________________________________

(三)给短文拟一个适当的标题。

5.___________________________________________

Under pressure from health and children’s groups, McDonald’s is making changes to its famous Happy Meals. The fast food chain (连锁店) will add a serving (一份食物的量) of fruit or vegetable to all of the meals, which are aimed at children, and reduce the amount of French fries.

McDonald’s said it first experimented with cutting fries entirely from the Happy Meals, but children and parents disagreed. “People come to McDonald’s and, first of all, they want the choice and the control to be theirs, but their expectation of a Happy Meal does include fries,”said Jan Fields, president of McDonald’s in the US. ”When we did it without fries, there was a huge disappointment.”

The new French fries in Happy Meals will contain 1.1 ounces (31 grams) of potatoes, down from 2.4 ounces. Apple slices will often be included as the healthy dish, but it could also be carrots, pineapple slices or oranges, depending on the time of year and the region(区域) in which they are being served.

Although the subject to variation (变化) depends on what is ordered, the new meals will represent, on average, a 20% decrease (减少) in calories (卡路里) , the chain said. Fields said Happy Meal prices will not go up as a result of the changes. But the chain has raised prices this year as a result of increasing costs.

As the world’s largest restaurant chain by sales, McDonald’s has been under careful examination for the nutritional (营养的) quality of its food. People also criticized its sales of children’s meals with a toy, connecting it to the nation’s obesity (肥胖) problem.

1.Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?

A.New Happy Meals contain fewer calories.

B.New Happy Meal prices are not the same as the old ones.

C.People do not want to eat French fries in Happy Meals.

D.Old Happy Meals contain 2.4 ounces of potatoes in the form of French fries.

2.According to the passage ,_____________won’t be served in the new Happy Meals.

A.apple slices B.oranges

C.bananas D.carrots

3.Why did people criticize the sale of children’s meals with a toy at McDonald’s?

A.The toy is of poor quality.

B.Children prefer its toys to its meals.

C.It makes the children’s meals more expensive.

D.It will cause the obesity problem.

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A.McDonald’s to Raise Price Again

B.McDonald’s in Careful Examination

C.McDonald’s Criticized by Children and Parents

D.McDonald’s to Make Happy Meals Healthier

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