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Celebrating New Year’s Day is one of the oldest and most exciting traditions around the world. Since this festival marks the beginning of the year, New Year’s Day is thought of as a perfect time for a “clean start”. People in the world decide to act better in the year just beginning than the year just ended.

No day has ever been celebrated in so many different ways. All over the world, countries have their own special beliefs about what the New Year means to them.

In Scotland, the New Year is called Hogmanay. In the villages of Scotland, barrels of tar (沥青) are set on fire. It represents that the old year is burned up and the new one is allowed to enter.

New Year’s Day is also the Festival of Saint Basil in Canada. Children leave their shoes by the fireside on New Year’s Day with the hope that Saint Basil, who is famous for his kindness, will come and fill their shoes with gifts.

The Jewish New Year is called Rosh Hashanah. It is an important time when Jews promise to do better in the future. Special services are held in the church, children are given new clothes and New Year bread is cooked to remind people of harvest time.

On New Year’s Day in Japan, everyone gets dressed in their new clothes and homes are decorated (装饰) with bamboos—symbols of long life.

In European countries such as Germany, France and Belgium, families start the New Year by first attending church services. Afterwards, they visit friends and relatives. In France, boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year’s Day.

New Year celebrations around the1.

Country/people
 

Celebration activities
 

Special beliefs
 


Scotland
 


People2.barrels of tar.
 

The old year is burned up and the new one is allowed to enter.
 


Canada
 

Children leave their3.by the fireside.
 

Their shoes will be4.with gifts by Saint Basil.
 


Jews
 

It is a time for people to5.to do better in the future.
People6.New Year Bread to remind of harvest time.
 


 


Japan
 

People7.their new clothes.
Homes are decorated with bamboos.
 

Symbols of8.life
 

European9.
 

People attend church services10.
visiting friends and relatives.
 


 

Have you ever walked down a city street and suddenly seen a bright garden full of vegetables and flowers?

It may be a community garden. The community gardens are planted by the people in the community. They are not just pretty places. They improve the neighborhoods.

People first started planting these gardens during the 1970s. At that time, the price of vegetables and fruits was rising. In many city neighborhoods, crime(犯罪) was increasing. There were also many other problems. People decided to get together to plant gardens to fight against these problems. The gardeners thought they might make the area more beautiful and improve people’s life.

These gardeners were right! Community gardens have many benefits. They improve their neighbourhoods. They also make people feel they belong to the community. When people work together in a garden, they feel they are connected with each other. People work on a small area within the garden. They grow vegetables or fruits. Each person decides what he or she is going to grow. However, they also work together to help each other. Some members have gardening experience. They can help those who are just learning how to grow vegetables and fruits.

Sometimes, garden members pay for supplies. The supplies usually include small plants and tools. Many community gardens have sponsors(赞助者). They pay for the supplies for the gardens. It helps to keep the gardens going every year. Sponsors may be parks, schools and local companies. Some groups want to be a part of the community. They help clean up and beautify a neighborhood. They also pay for the supplies.

Community gardens give people a chance to work together. They can make the community stable(安定的). There are many programs of community gardens. Some gardens provide programs for children and elder people. They may provide classes. They may give the vegetables and fruits to poor people. Community gardens also improve air.

Today there are about 10,000 community gardens in cities in the US. They have become popular because of their benefits. People enjoy having vegetables and flowers in their neighborhoods.

1.Who plant the community gardens?

A.Gardeners of the companies.

B.People in the community.

C.Sponsors in the community.

D.People from the government.

2.People started to plant community gardens because .

A.it was a good way to learn gardening

B.they liked fresh vegetables and flowers

C.it helped them get more experience

D.they wanted to solve the problems

3.What do sponsors do for community gardens?

A.They pay for the supplies.

B.They clean community gardens.

C. They provide classes.

D.They give poor people vegetables.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A.The relationship of neighbours.

B.The future of community gardens.

C.The introduction of community gardens.

D.The experiments in community gardens.

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